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本文介绍如何通过 系统MediaPlayer IjkPlayer ExoPlayer 分别播放安卓项目下的Raw或Assets文件夹中的音视频文件。

在某些情况下,我们会把一些音视频文件,如Mp3,Mp4等,直接放在安装包中的Raw或者Assets文件夹里,这些音视频文件可能作为特定场景的提示音,或者视频片头等等。关于Raw和Assets资源文件,这里不作过多讨论,总的来讲,他们都是被打包进APK中的文件,不会被编译成二进制,程序可以直接访问,无需额外的权限。

先说明一下本文代码的构建环境和使用的播放内核版本:

  • Java 1.7
  • Android Studio 3.1.2
  • Gradle 4.4
  • IjkPlayer 0.8.8
  • ExoPlayer 2.8.3
  • Raw/Assets资源文件访问方式

    在项目文件夹中的位置:

    Raw文件访问方式

  • Raw 文件位于res/raw目录下,Raw文件会被映射到R.java文件中,所以访问的时候直接使用资源ID即可,如
  • R.raw.raw_video
    复制代码

    或者获得该文件的AssetFileDescriptor:

    AssetFileDescriptor afd = getResources().openRawResourceFd(R.raw.raw_video);
    复制代码

    Assets文件访问方式

  • Assets 文件夹下的文件不会被映射到R.java中,访问的时候需要AssetManager类。
  • AssetManager am = getAssets();
    try {
        AssetFileDescriptor afd= am.openFd(fileName);
    } catch (IOException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    

    AssetFileDescriptor可以理解成访问Raw/Assets文件的一个入口,或者说是一把钥匙。

    Raw/Assets文件还有其他的访问方式,比如通过ContentResolver,又或者直接开启一个InputStream去读取文件,这应该是播放器内核需要做的事情,我们只需要给播放器提供以上的信息即可。

    ········································································································· 下面直接上代码

    通过系统MediaPlayer播放音视频

  • Raw文件
  • //实例化播放内核
    android.media.MediaPlayer mediaPlayer = new android.media.MediaPlayer();
    //获得播放源访问入口
    AssetFileDescriptor afd = getResources().openRawResourceFd(R.raw.raw_video); // 注意这里的区别
    //给MediaPlayer设置播放源
    mediaPlayer.setDataSource(afd.getFileDescriptor(), afd.getStartOffset(), afd.getLength());
    //设置准备就绪状态监听
    mediaPlayer.setOnPreparedListener(new MediaPlayer.OnPreparedListener() {
        @Override
        public void onPrepared(MediaPlayer mp) {
             // 开始播放
             mediaPlayer.start();
    //准备播放
    mediaPlayer.prepareAsync();
    
  • Assets 文件
  • //实例化播放内核
    android.media.MediaPlayer mediaPlayer = new android.media.MediaPlayer();
    //获得播放源访问入口
    AssetManager am = getAssets();
    try {
        AssetFileDescriptor afd = am.openFd("assets_video.mp4");// 注意这里的区别
        //给MediaPlayer设置播放源
        mediaPlayer.setDataSource(afd.getFileDescriptor(), afd.getStartOffset(), afd.getLength());
    } catch (IOException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    //设置准备就绪状态监听
    mediaPlayer.setOnPreparedListener(new MediaPlayer.OnPreparedListener() {
        @Override
        public void onPrepared(MediaPlayer mp) {
             // 开始播放
             mediaPlayer.start();
    //准备播放
    mediaPlayer.prepareAsync();
    

    代码中每一步都有注释,可以说非常详细了。简单总结一下,无论播放Raw文件还是Assets文件,我们首先获得AssetFileDescriptor,然后设置给MediaPlayer。

    ·········································································································

    通过IjkPlayer播放音视频

  • Raw 文件
  • //实例化播放内核
    tv.danmaku.ijk.media.player.IjkMediaPlayer ijkPlayer = new tv.danmaku.ijk.media.player.IjkMediaPlayer();
    //获得播放源访问入口
    AssetFileDescriptor afd = getResources().openRawResourceFd(R.raw.raw_video); // 注意这里的区别
    //构建IjkPlayer能识别的IMediaDataSource,下面的RawDataSourceProvider实现了IMediaDataSource接口
    RawDataSourceProvider sourceProvider = new RawDataSourceProvider(fd);
    //给IjkPlayer设置播放源
    ijkPlayer.setDataSource(sourceProvider);
    //设置准备就绪状态监听
    ijkPlayer .setOnPreparedListener(new MediaPlayer.OnPreparedListener() {
        @Override
        public void onPrepared(MediaPlayer mp) {
             // 开始播放
             ijkPlayer.start();
    //准备播放
    ijkPlayer.prepareAsync();
    
  • Assets 文件
  • //实例化播放内核
    tv.danmaku.ijk.media.player.IjkMediaPlayer ijkPlayer = new tv.danmaku.ijk.media.player.IjkMediaPlayer();
    //获得播放源访问入口
    AssetManager am = getAssets();
    try {
        AssetFileDescriptor afd = am.openFd("assets_video.mp4");// 注意这里的区别
       //构建IjkPlayer能识别的IMediaDataSource,下面的RawDataSourceProvider实现了IMediaDataSource接口
        RawDataSourceProvider sourceProvider = new RawDataSourceProvider(fd);
        //给IjkPlayer设置播放源
        ijkPlayer.setDataSource(sourceProvider);
    } catch (IOException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    //设置准备就绪状态监听
    ijkPlayer .setOnPreparedListener(new MediaPlayer.OnPreparedListener() {
        @Override
        public void onPrepared(MediaPlayer mp) {
             // 开始播放
             ijkPlayer.start();
    //准备播放
    ijkPlayer.prepareAsync();
    

    补充下,其中的RawDataSourceProvider实现了IMediaDataSource 接口,IMediaDataSourceIjkPlayer包中的接口,实现了IMediaDataSource接口的类可以设置给IjkPlayer作为播放源。就像下面这样:

    import tv.danmaku.ijk.media.player.misc.IMediaDataSource;
    public class RawDataSourceProvider implements IMediaDataSource {
        private AssetFileDescriptor mDescriptor;
        private byte[] mMediaBytes;
        public RawDataSourceProvider(AssetFileDescriptor descriptor) {
            this.mDescriptor = descriptor;
        @Override
        public int readAt(long position, byte[] buffer, int offset, int size) {
            if (position + 1 >= mMediaBytes.length) {
                return -1;
            int length;
            if (position + size < mMediaBytes.length) {
                length = size;
            } else {
                length = (int) (mMediaBytes.length - position);
                if (length > buffer.length)
                    length = buffer.length;
                length--;
            // 把文件内容copy到buffer中;
            System.arraycopy(mMediaBytes, (int) position, buffer, offset, length);
            return length;
        @Override
        public long getSize() throws IOException {
            long length = mDescriptor.getLength();
            if (mMediaBytes == null) {
                InputStream inputStream = mDescriptor.createInputStream();
                mMediaBytes = readBytes(inputStream);
            return length;
        @Override
        public void close() throws IOException {
            if (mDescriptor != null)
                mDescriptor.close();
            mDescriptor = null;
            mMediaBytes = null;
        //读取文件内容
        private byte[] readBytes(InputStream inputStream) throws IOException {
            ByteArrayOutputStream byteBuffer = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
            int bufferSize = 1024;
            byte[] buffer = new byte[bufferSize];
            int len;
            while ((len = inputStream.read(buffer)) != -1) {
                byteBuffer.write(buffer, 0, len);
            return byteBuffer.toByteArray();
    

    小结一下,我们首先获取到Raw/Assets文件的AssetFileDescriptor,然后用它去构建一个IMediaDataSource,最后设置给IjkPlayer

    ·········································································································

    通过ExoPlayer播放音视频

  • ExoPlayer播放器内核的实例化有点复杂,这里单独写
  • //实例化播放内核
    TrackSelection.Factory videoTrackSelectionFactory =
                        new AdaptiveTrackSelection.Factory(new DefaultBandwidthMeter());
    DefaultTrackSelector mTrackSelector = new DefaultTrackSelector(videoTrackSelectionFactory);
    boolean preferExtensionDecoders = true;
    boolean useExtensionRenderers = true;//是否开启扩展
    @DefaultRenderersFactory.ExtensionRendererMode int extensionRendererMode = useExtensionRenderers
                        ? (preferExtensionDecoders ? DefaultRenderersFactory.EXTENSION_RENDERER_MODE_PREFER
                        : DefaultRenderersFactory.EXTENSION_RENDERER_MODE_ON)
                        : DefaultRenderersFactory.EXTENSION_RENDERER_MODE_OFF;
    DefaultRenderersFactory rendererFactory = new DefaultRenderersFactory(mAppContext, extensionRendererMode);
    DefaultLoadControl loadControl = new DefaultLoadControl();
    //工厂方法获得播放器实例
    om.google.android.exoplayer2.SimpleExoPlayer exoPlayer = 
                 ExoPlayerFactory.newSimpleInstance(rendererFactory, mTrackSelector, loadControl, null);
    
  • Raw 文件
  • //构建Raw文件播放源--RawResourceDataSource
    DataSpec dataSpec = new DataSpec(RawResourceDataSource.buildRawResourceUri(R.raw.raw_video));
    RawResourceDataSource rawResourceDataSource = new RawResourceDataSource(this);
    try {
        rawResourceDataSource.open(dataSpec);
    } catch (RawResourceDataSource.RawResourceDataSourceException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    //构建ExoPlayer能识别的播放源--MediaSource 
    String url = rawDataSource.getUri().toString();
    MediaSource mediaSource = ExoSourceManager.newInstance(mAppContext, getHeaders()).getMediaSource(
                        url, false, false, MediaPlayerManager.instance().isLooping(), null
    //给ExoPlayer设置播放源,并准备播放
    exoPlayer.prepare(mediaSource);
    //让ExoPlayer准备好后就开始播放
    exoPlayer.setPlayWhenReady(true);
    
  • Assets 文件
  • //构建ExoPlayer能识别的播放源--MediaSource 
    String url = "file:///android_asset/" + "assets_video.mp4";
    MediaSource mediaSource = ExoSourceManager.newInstance(mAppContext, getHeaders()).getMediaSource(
                        url, false, false, MediaPlayerManager.instance().isLooping(), null
    //给ExoPlayer设置播放源,并准备播放
    exoPlayer.prepare(mediaSource);
    //让ExoPlayer准备好后就开始播放
    exoPlayer.setPlayWhenReady(true);
    

    小结:ExoPlayer实例化的时候复杂一点,需要按照官方文档一步步来。播放Raw文件的时候,需要先构建出RawResourceDataSource,这是ExoPlayer为了播放Raw音视频文件提供的类,然后获取其中的Uri构建MediaSource,最后设置给ExoPlayer。播放Assets文件就更简单了,形如String url = "file:///android_asset/" + "filename"的Assets文件播放地址可以直接用来构建MediaSource

    项目地址:github.com/maiwenchang… 欢迎各位Star~~

    分类:
    Android