利用BAT批处理文件一键配置VS CODE中C++开发环境（MSVC编译器）

杨yang
微软VS CODE官方帮助文档中只给出了逐步手动操作的指南，未给出更便捷的自动化bat脚本来一键自动配置。
特编写bat脚本如下：

::将本文件拷贝到自己创建或者选定的工程文件夹，然后根据本机安装的MSVC编译程序cl.exe文件的绝对路径值，
::手动替换本文件中的“compilerPath”的值并保存文件，最后点击本文件运行即可配置好C++在VS CODE的运行环境，
::调用的是Visual Studio 2019 安装时自带的MSVC 编译器。
::其中，本批处理文件中写入tasks.json、launch.json、c_cpp_properties.json这三个配置文件的内容，
::均直接来自于微软官方的配置说明（https://code.visualstudio.com/docs/cpp/config-msvc）。
::待改进之处：因cl.exe文件的绝对路径，取决于每台电脑上安装的MSVC的版本，读取%path%环境变量，
::并从以;分隔的各字符串中筛选出cl.exe所在的绝对路径，此绝对路径，加上 /cl.exe 后组成完整的绝对路径名，
::作为c_cpp_properties.json文件中的“compilerPath”属性的值。目前只能暂时先查看cl.exe文件的绝对路径值，
::然后手动替换本文件中的“compilerPath”的值。
call "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\Common7\Tools\VsDevCmd.bat"
md .vscode
cd .vscode
echo {
echo 	"version": "2.0.0",
echo 	"tasks": [
echo 		{
echo 			"type": "cppbuild",
echo 			"label": "C/C++: cl.exe 生成活动文件",
echo 			"command": "cl.exe",
echo 			"args": [
echo 				"/Zi",
echo 				"/EHsc",
echo 				"/nologo",
echo 				"/Fe:",
echo 				"${fileDirname}\\${fileBasenameNoExtension}.exe",
echo 				"${workspaceFolder}\\*.cpp"
echo 			],
echo 			"options": {
echo 				"cwd": "${fileDirname}"
echo 			},
echo 			"problemMatcher": [
echo 				"$msCompile"
echo 			],
echo 			"group": {
echo 				"kind": "build",
echo 				"isDefault": true
echo 			},
echo 			"detail": "编译器: cl.exe"
echo 		}
echo 	]
echo }
)> tasks.json
echo {
echo    // Use IntelliSense to learn about possible attributes.
echo    // Hover to view descriptions of existing attributes.
echo     // For more information, visit: https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=830387
echo    "version": "0.2.0",
echo     "configurations": [
echo        {
echo             "name": "(Windows) 启动",
echo             "type": "cppvsdbg",
echo             "request": "launch",
echo             "program": "${fileDirname}\\${fileBasenameNoExtension}.exe",
echo             "args": [],
echo             "stopAtEntry": false,
echo             "cwd": "${fileDirname}",
echo             "environment": [],
echo             "console": "externalTerminal"
echo         }
echo     ]
echo } 
)> launch.json
echo {
echo     "configurations": [
echo        {
echo             "name": "Win32",
echo             "includePath": [
echo                 "${workspaceFolder}/**"
echo             ],
echo            "defines": [
echo                 "_DEBUG",
echo                 "UNICODE",
echo                "_UNICODE"
echo             ],
echo             "windowsSdkVersion": "10.0.19041.0",
echo             "compilerPath": "C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/2019/Community/VC/Tools/MSVC/14.29.30037/bin/Hostx64/x64/cl.exe",
echo             "cStandard": "c17",
echo            "cppStandard": "c++17",
echo             "intelliSenseMode": "windows-msvc-x64"
echo         }
echo     ],
echo     "version": 4
echo }