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使用 Pika 连接 rabbitmq 集群

使用 python 编程经常会用到 pika 来向 rabbitmq 发送消息,单个 rabbitmq 节点连接比较简单,本文介绍使用 rabbitmq 集群情况下的连接方式。

vip 连接方式

在 client 与 rabbitmq server 之间通过 haproxy 等负载均衡来提供 vip,我使用的环境就是采用这种方式,但是遇到某一节点挂掉时再访问 vip 连接 rabbitmq 集群会连接失败,常见 log 如下:



<URLParameters host=10.10.11.1 port=5672 virtual_host=/ ssl=False>
DEBUG:pika.adapters.select_connection:Using EPollPoller
DEBUG:pika.callback:Added: {'callback': <bound method SelectConnection._on_connection_start of <SelectConnection CLOSED socket=None params=<URLParameters host=10.10.11.1 port=5672 virtual_host=/ ssl=False>>>, 'only': None, 'one_shot': True, 'arguments': None, 'calls': 1}
DEBUG:pika.callback:Added: {'callback': <bound method SelectConnection._on_connection_close of <SelectConnection CLOSED socket=None params=<URLParameters host=10.10.11.1 port=5672 virtual_host=/ ssl=False>>>, 'only': None, 'one_shot': True, 'arguments': None, 'calls': 1}
DEBUG:pika.callback:Added: {'callback': <bound method _CallbackResult.set_value_once of <pika.adapters.blocking_connection._CallbackResult object at 0x7f869db987a0>>, 'only': None, 'one_shot': False, 'arguments': None}
DEBUG:pika.callback:Added: {'callback': <bound method _CallbackResult.set_value_once of <pika.adapters.blocking_connection._CallbackResult object at 0x7f869db98758>>, 'only': None, 'one_shot': False, 'arguments': None}
DEBUG:pika.callback:Added: {'callback': <bound method _CallbackResult.set_value_once of <pika.adapters.blocking_connection._CallbackResult object at 0x7f869db987e8>>, 'only': None, 'one_shot': False, 'arguments': None}
DEBUG:pika.adapters.select_connection:call_later: added timeout <pika.adapters.select_connection._Timeout object at 0x7f869dc0b6d0> with deadline=1538140088.706256 and callback=<bound method SelectConnection._on_connect_timer of <SelectConnection INIT socket=None params=<URLParameters host=10.10.11.1 port=5672 virtual_host=/ ssl=False>>>; now=1538140088.71; delay=0
INFO:pika.adapters.base_connection:Pika version 0.12.0 connecting to 10.10.11.1:5672
ERROR:pika.adapters.base_connection:Read empty data, calling disconnect
INFO:pika.connection:Disconnected from RabbitMQ at 10.10.11.1:5672 (-1): EOF
ERROR:pika.connection:Incompatible Protocol Versions
ERROR:pika.connection:Connection setup failed due to The protocol returned by the server is not supported: (-1, 'EOF')
DEBUG:pika.callback:Processing 0:_on_connection_error
DEBUG:pika.callback:Calling <bound method _CallbackResult.set_value_once of <pika.adapters.blocking_connection._CallbackResult object at 0x7f869db987a0>> for "0:_on_connection_error"
DEBUG:pika.callback:Processing 0:_on_connection_closed
DEBUG:pika.callback:Calling <bound method _CallbackResult.set_value_once of <pika.adapters.blocking_connection._CallbackResult object at 0x7f869db987e8>> for "0:_on_connection_closed"
DEBUG:pika.callback:Incremented callback reference counter: {'callback': <bound method SelectConnection._on_connection_start of <SelectConnection CLOSED socket=None params=<URLParameters host=10.10.11.1 port=5672 virtual_host=/ ssl=False>>>, 'only': None, 'one_shot': True, 'arguments': None, 'calls': 2}
DEBUG:pika.callback:Incremented callback reference counter: {'callback': <bound method SelectConnection._on_connection_close of <SelectConnection CLOSED socket=None params=<URLParameters host=10.10.11.1 port=5672 virtual_host=/ ssl=False>>>, 'only': None, 'one_shot': True, 'arguments': None, 'calls': 2}
ERROR:pika.adapters.blocking_connection:Connection open failed - The protocol returned by the server is not supported: (-1


这个报错通常是由于网络问题导致,尝试过 Telnet 连接 vip 和端口,都正常返回,目前还未找到 pika 访问 vip 连接 rabbitmq 失败的原因,所以采用类似于 openstack 中连接 rabbitmq 的方式,配置多主机列表,建立连接池。

配置 multiple hosts

openstack 配置transport_url 采用 rabbitmq 集群 host 列表方式,然后在 oslo.message 中建立连接池,通过 kombu 来使用 rabbitmq。参考这种方式,用 pika 实现。

实际实现的时候会抛异常,原因是传递给 pika 需要是个实例而不是列表,官网上提供的方式把 host url 参数化后直接放到列表里传给 pika 进行连接:



node1 = pika.URLParameters('amqp://node1')
node2 = pika.URLParameters('amqp://node2')
node3 = pika.URLParameters('amqp://node3')
all_endpoints = [node1, node2, node3]
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(all_endpoints)


实际执行后报错如下:



Expected instance of Parameters, not [.........]


github 上提交的 issue: ​ ​parameters error​

目前不支持直接传入多 host url 来池化 rabbitmq 集群的连接,所以要在应用程序中单独实现。

用一个简单 for 循环来做:



random.shuffle(all_endpoints)
for url in all_endpoints:
try:
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG)
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(url)
except Exception as ex:
print str(ex)
else:
break


用 shuffle 来改变列表中的 host 顺序,可以起到负载均衡的作用。



做有积累的事~~