2023年上海高考英语试卷及答案（模拟版1）

内蒙古科技大学管理学硕士

2022-2023学年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试

上海英语模拟试卷

II. Grammar and Vocabulary

Section A

Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

Discovering a Brother

Kieron Graham always knew he had an older brother. His adoption papers, signed and sealed when he was three months old, listed a brother named Vincent but no last name. Though Kieron spent years ___1___ (think) about Vincent, he could never track him down.

That changed in December 2017, ___2___ Kieron’s adoptive parents gave their four adopted children Ancestry DNA tests as Christmas gifts. Kieron, now 21, sent his saliva (唾液) sample in for analysis. When his results came back, he was surprised to find he had some DNA matches for relatives who ___3___ (take) the test, too. Most were distant connections, but one match was so strong that it ___4___ (label) ‌“close family59. His name was Vincent Ghant. Kieron looked for him online and soon made a possible connection.” This is going to sound so wild .......but you seem ___5___ (be) my brother,” Kieron wrote on the instant messaging app.

“I was given up ___6___ adoption in 1997 and it says on my paperwork that my mother has a son with your name and your birth date. Her name is Shawn.”

“OMG do you know your real name?‌“ wrote Vincent, now 30.

”I think it was Tyler.‌“

“OMG YES!!! You are my brother.”

“Wow,” wrote Kieron.

“This is crazy.” said Vincent.

The craziness was just beginning. As they talked, the brothers realized they lived about 20 minutes from each other, outside of Atlanta. More mind-blowing, they attended the same university and majored and minored in the same subjects: political science and legal studies.

“What are the odds we’re separated our entire lives and then end up at the same school with the same interests?‌“ says Kieron.

Now the brothers had the chance to make up for the ___7___ (lose) time. They decided to meet at a local tea shop that week. ”I was really nervous ,‌“ says Kieron.

“I was wondering ___8___ I should say.” As he waited outside the shop, he heard someone call his name, and he suddenly found ____9____in a hug with the brother he’d thought about his entire life.

The men went inside and talked. ‌“We connected,” says Vincent, ‌“ _____10_____ we already knew each other.”

【答案】1. thinking

2. when 3. had taken

4. was labeled

5. to be 6. for

7. lost 8. what

9. himself 10. as if##as though

【解析】

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲的是Kieron Graham通过DNA测试找到他的同胞哥哥的故事。

【1题详解】

考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管Kieron花了数年时间考虑Vincent，但他始终没能找到他。结合句意及空前的spent years可知应填动名词形式thinking，spend time doing意为“花费时间做某事”，固定搭配，用动名词作宾语。故填thinking。

【2题详解】

考查定语从句。句意：2017年12月，情况发生了变化，Kieron的养父母把血统 DNA测试作为圣诞礼物送给了他们的四个养子。此处为定语从句，先行词为 December 2017，先行词在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when。故填when。

【3题详解】

考查动词时态。句意：结果出来后，他惊讶地发现自己的一些DNA与参加过检测的亲戚相匹配。空处是who定语从句的谓语动词，结合句意定语从句的动作发生在主句一般过去时的动作之前，应用过去完成时。故填had taken。

【4题详解】

考查动词时态和语态。句意：大多数都是远亲关系，但有一个匹配非常强大，以至于被贴上了“近亲59”

标签。分析句子可知，空处是that引导的状语从句的谓语动词，根据语境，动作发生在过去且从句主语it与label之间为被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填labeled。

【5题详解】

考查动词不定式。句意：“这听起来很疯狂……但你好像是我哥哥，”Kieron在即时通讯软件上写道。结合句意及空前的you seem可知应用不定式的形式，作宾语，sb. seem to do sth.意为“似乎要做某事”，固定用法。故填to be。

【6题详解】

考查介词。句意：“1997年我被人收养了，我的文件上写着我妈妈有一个儿子，名字和出生日期都和你一样。他叫肖恩。”结合句意此处应填介词for，for adoption 意为“收养”，固定搭配。故填for。

【7题详解】

考查形容词。句意：现在兄弟俩有机会弥补失去的时间了。结合句意此处应填形容词形式lost“失去的”，作定语，修饰名词time。故填lost。

【8题详解】

考查名词性从句。句意：“我在想我该说些什么。”结合句意及空前的wondering可知此处为宾语从句，从句动词say缺少宾语，指物，应用引导词what。故填what。

【9题详解】

考查反身代词。句意：当他在商店外面等着的时候，他听到有人叫他的名字，他突然发现自己拥抱了他一生都在思念的哥哥。结合句意及空前的he suddenly found可知此处应填反身代词himself，作found的宾语。故填himself。

【10题详解】

考查状语从句。句意：男人们走进去聊天。“我们有联系，”Vincent，说，“就好像我们已经认识对方一样。”结合句意此处为状语从句，应用as if/as though引导方式状语从句。故填as if/as though。

Section B

Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

affected B. community C. condition D. contact E. decreased F. delivered G. fearful H. intensity I. meaningful J. serious K. unrealistic

Loneliness

University found one in four Australians feel lonely with many reporting anxiety about socialising and 30 per cent saying they didn’t feel part of a group of friends. Both young and old people are______11______, though people over 65 are the least lonely ‌“People tell me their friends don’t ring them anymore” says William Yeates, who now runs webinars to bring people together others. “One lady told me she doesn’t get any visitors; the only time she has any human ______12______ is in the weekly webinar. I invited her out for lunch but she couldn’t do it. She was too______13______.”

Worryingly

one in eight young people aged 18-25 report a very high______14______ of loneliness, and are more likely than older people to feel greater levels of social anxiety. Even school-aged children report feeling lonely and isolated and say they don’t have______15______ connections with people around them.

While people have always felt lonely—it’s part of the human______16______—there’s no doubt that the modem world, with longer commuting times and greater numbers of people living alone, has worsened the trend. Irene Verins, a manager at Mental Wellbeing, VicHealth, says loneliness in younger people aged 18 to 25 is often driven by ______17______ ideas.

So ______18______ is loneliness internationally that the UK government appointed a Minister for Loneliness and in 2011 launched a Campaign to End Loneliness. It’s estimated that every £1 spent on relieving loneliness in Britain has ______19______ a £2-£3 saving in costs for the economy. That’s because the loneliness of individual people impacts the social togetherness of the whole ______20______. The fewer lonely people, the lower the healthcare costs and the greater the wellbeing of everyone. ”This is national issue,‌“ says Verins.

【答案】11. A 12. D

13. G 14. H

15. I 16. C

17. K 18. J

19. F 20. B

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了现今大多数人，无论老人还是年轻人都感到孤独。

【11题详解】

考查动词。句意：年轻人和老年人都受到影响，不过65岁以上的人最不孤独。根据前文“University found one in four Australians feel lonely with many reporting anxiety about socialising and 30 per cent saying they didn’t feel part of a group of friends.”可知，此处表达“年轻人和老年人都受到影响”之意，所以affect“影响”符合题意，本句主语是Both young and old people，两者间是被动关系，应该用被动语态，空前已有be动词，所以空处应填过去分词形式。故填A项。

【12题详解】

考查名词。句意：一位女士告诉我，她没有任何访客；她唯一与人接触的时间是在每周的网络研讨会上。根据前文“One lady told me she doesn’t get any visitors; the only time ”可知，此处表达“唯一与人接触的时间”之意，human contact“人与人之间的接触”符合题意。故选D项。

【13题详解】

考查形容词。句意：她太害怕了。空前是系动词was，所以空处应填形容词，根据前文“I invited her out for lunch but she couldn’t do it.”可知，此处表达“我太害怕了”之意，fearful“恐惧的”符合题意。故选G项。

【14题详解】

考查名词。句意：令人担忧的是，在18-25岁的年轻人中，有八分之一的人表示自己非常孤独，他们比老年人更有可能感到更严重的社交焦虑。空前是形容词high，所以空处应填名词，根据后文“more likely than older people to feel greater levels of social anxiety”可知，此处表达“非常孤独”之意，intensity“强烈”符合题意。故选H项。

【15题详解】

考查形容词。句意：即使是学龄儿童也表示感到孤独和孤立，并表示他们与周围的人没有有意义的联系。空后是名词connections，所以空处应填形容词，根据前文“Even school-aged children report feeling lonely”可知，此处表达“他们与周围的人没有有意义的联系”之意，meaningful“有意义的”符合题意。故选I项。

【16题详解】

考查名词。句意：虽然人们总是感到孤独——这是人类生存状况的一部分——但毫无疑问，现代社会通勤时间变长，独居人数增加，使这种趋势更加恶化。空前是形容词human，所以空处应填名词，根据前文“While people have always felt lonely”可知，此处表达“这是人类生存状况的一部分”之意，condition“生存状态”符合题意。故选C项。

【17题详解】

考查形容词。句意：VicHealth心理健康中心的经理艾琳·维林斯说，18至25岁年轻人的孤独感往往是由不切实际的想法造成的。空前是介词by，所以空处应填名词，根据前文“says loneliness in younger people aged 18 to 25 is often driven”可知，此处是表达“8至25岁年轻人的孤独感往往是由不切实际的想法造成的”之意，unrealistic“不切实际的”符合题意。故选K项。

【18题详解】

考查形容词。句意：孤独感在国际上如此严重，以至于英国政府任命了一位孤独大臣，并在2011年发起了一项结束孤独的运动。此处是so位于句首的倒装句，谓语动词是is，所以空处应填形容词做表语，根据后文“the UK government appointed a Minister for Loneliness and in 2011 launched a Campaign to End Loneliness”可知，英国政府任命了一位孤独大臣，并在2011年发起了一项结束孤独的运动，所以此处表达“孤独感在国际上如此严重”之意，serious“严重的”符合题意。故选J项。

【19题详解】

考查动词。句意：据估计，在英国，每花1英镑用于缓解孤独，就会为经济节省2- 3英镑的成本。根据句意可知，本句应用现在完成时，空前已有has，所以空处应填动词的过去分词，再根据后文“£2-£3 saving in costs for the economy”可知，此处表达“为经济节省2- 3英镑的成本”，delivered“交付”符合题意。故选F项。

【20题详解】

考查名词。句意：这是因为个体的孤独会影响整个社会的团结。空前是形容词whole，所以空处应填名词，再根据前文的“social togetherness”可知，此处表达“影响整个社会的团结”之意，community“社会”符合题意。故选B项。

III. Reading Comprehension

Section A

Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B5 C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

How did Cape Town, South Africa, get into a Day Zero situation—when the city’s taps would go dry because its reservoirs (水库)would become dangerously low on water? The city gets its water from six reservoirs in Western Cape province, which usually ______21______ during the rainy season, from May through August. But since 2015 the region has been suffering from the worst drought (干旱)in a century, and the water in those reservoirs______22______ tremendously. Compounding the problem, Cape Town’s population has grown substantially, increasing ______23______ . The city actually did a pretty good job by reducing leaks in the system, a major cause of water waste, and has even won awards for its ______24______ policies. But the government of South Africa was slow to declare a national disaster in the areas hit hardest by the drought, paving the way for the recent ______25______.

Cape Town is not ______26______ . Since 2014 southeastern Brazil has been suffering its worst water shortage in 80 years,_____27_____ decreased rainfall, forestation and other factors. And many cities in India do not have access to municipal water for more than a few hours a day, if at all.______28______ , the city of Shimla ran out of drinking water in May, urging locals to beg tourists to stay away from the popular Himalayan summer resort.

In the U.S., the situation is somewhat better, but many urban centers still ______29______ water problems. Californians recent multiyear drought led to some of the state’s driest years on record. Since about half of the state’s urban water usage is for landscaping, it was able to cut back on that fairly easily. But cities that use most of their water for more essential uses, such as drinking water, may not be so ______30______ .

______31______ , steps can be taken to avoid urban water crises. In general, a “portfolio approach” that relies on multiple water sources is probably most ______32______ . Cape Town has already begun implementing a number of water projects, including tapping groundwater and building water-recycling plants. Many other cities will need to repair existing water infrastructure (基础建设)to cut down on leakage. City leaders should be thinking about meeting long-term needs rather than just about ______33______ requirements. Good organization and financial accountability are equally critical. And planning efforts should include diverse stakeholders (利益相关者)from the community. One major challenge is providing services to informal areas, which develop without any government foresight. Such regions often ______34______ basic resources一a well-planned water supply among them. The global community has an opportunity right now to take action to prevent a series of Day Zero crises. If we don’t act, many cities may soon face a time when there isn’t a drop to ______35______ .

21. A. take overB. fill upC. make offD. set out

22. A. decreasedB. roseC. remainedD. drowned

23. A. likelihoodB. proportionC. demandD. efficiency

24. A. architectureB. agricultureC. economyD. conservation

25. A. policyB. growthC. crisisD. change

26. A. enoughB. possibleC. difficultD. alone

27. A. making up forB. resulting fromC. taking advantage ofD. looking into

28. A. In a wordB. By comparisonC. What’s worseD. For example

29. A. avoidB. solveC. discussD. face

30. A. passiveB. purposefulC. adaptableD. reliable

31. A. SimilarlyB. FortunatelyC. InitiallyD. Alternatively

32. A. questionableB. memorableC. effectiveD. confusing

33. A. dailyB. legalC. maximumD. normal

34. A. neglectB. lackC. provideD. find

35. A. drinkB. pourC. placeD. record

【答案】21. B 22. A 23. C 24. D 25. C 26. D 27. B 28. D 29. D 30. C 31. B 32. C 33. A 34. B 35. A

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了世界上许多地区和城市出现了“零日危机”，也就是水资源短缺问题。

【21题详解】

考查动词词组辨析。句意：该市从西开普省的六个水库取水，这些水库通常在5月至8月的雨季填满。A. take over接管；B. fill up注满；C. make off匆忙离开；D. set out出发。根据后文“during the rainy season, from May through August”可知，在雨季应该是填满水库。故选B项。

【22题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意：但自2015年以来，该地区遭受了一个世纪以来最严重的干旱，这些水库的水量大幅减少。A. decreased减少；B. rose上升；C. remained仍然是；D. drowned淹死。根据前文“But since 2015 the region has been suffering from the worst drought in a century”可知，该地区遭受了一个世纪以来最严重的干旱，所以水库的水量减少。故选A项。

【23题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：开普敦的人口大幅增长，增加了需求，使问题更加复杂。A. likelihood可能性；B. proportion份额；C. demand需要；D. efficiency效率。根据前文“Cape Town’s population has grown substantially”可知，开普敦的人口增长了，所以提高了水的需求。故选C项。

【24题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：事实上，该市在减少系统泄漏方面做得相当不错，这是造成水浪费的主要原因，甚至还因其保护政策而获奖。A. architecture建筑学；B. agriculture农业；C. economy经济；D. conservation防止流失(或浪费、损害、毁坏)。根据前文“The city actually did a pretty good job by reducing leaks in the system”可知，该市在减少系统泄漏方面做得相当不错，所以是因为保护政策而获奖。故选D项。

【25题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：但南非政府迟迟没有宣布受干旱影响最严重的地区进入全国灾难，为最近的危机铺平了道路。A. policy政策；B. growth成长；C. crisis危机；D. change改变。根据前文“But since 2015 the region has been suffering from the worst drought in a century”可知，最近发生了严重的干旱危机。故选C项。

【26题详解】

考查形容词词义辨析。句意：开普敦并不孤单。A. enough充足的；B. possible可能的；C. difficult困难的；D. alone单独的。根据后文“Since 2014 southeastern Brazil has been suffering its worst water shortage in 80 years,　　7　　decreased rainfall, forestation and other factors.”以及本段后面的内容可知，巴西东南部，印度的许多城市都出现水资源短缺的问题。所以开普敦并不孤单。故选D项。

【27题详解】

考查动词词组辨析。句意：自2014年以来，由于降雨量减少、植树造林和其他因素，巴西东南部遭遇了80年来最严重的水资源短缺。A. making up for弥补；B. resulting from由于；C. taking advantage of利用；D. looking into考察。根据后文“decreased rainfall, forestation and other factors.”可知，巴西东南部遭遇水资源短缺的原因是由于降雨量减少、植树造林和其他因素。故选B项。

【28题详解】

考查介词短语辨析。句意：例如，今年5月，西姆拉市(Shimla)的饮用水告罄，当地居民呼吁游客远离这个喜马拉雅避暑胜地。A. In a word总而言之；B. By comparison通过比较；C. What’s worse更糟糕的是；D. For example例如。根据前文“And many cities in India do not have access to municipal water for more than a few hours a day, if at all.”以及后文“the city of Shimla ran out of drinking water in May, urging locals to beg tourists to stay away from the popular Himalayan summer resort.”可知，此处是在举例说明印度的许多城市出现了水资源短缺的问题。故选D项。

【29题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意：在美国，情况要好一些，但许多城市中心仍然面临水的问题。A. avoid避免；B. solve解决；C. discuss讨论；D. face面对。根据前文“In the U.S., the situation is somewhat better”以及句中的转折连词but，可知，此处表达“许多城市中心仍然面临水的问题”之意。故选D项。

【30题详解】

考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是，将大部分水用于更重要用途的城市，比如饮用水，可能就没有这么强的适应性。A. passive消极的；B. purposeful有目的的；C. adaptable有适应能力的；D. reliable可依靠的。根据前文“Since about half of the state’s urban water usage is for landscaping, it was able to cut back on that fairly easily. But cities that use most of their water for more essential uses, such as drinking water”可知，减少景观美化用水比较容易，但是减少更重要用途的水，就没那么容易让人适应了。故选C项。

【31题详解】

考查副词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，可以采取措施避免城市水危机。A. Similarly相似地；B. Fortunately幸运地；C. Initially起初；D. Alternatively或者。根据后文“steps can be taken to avoid urban water crises.”可知，可以采取措施避免城市水危机，所以是幸运地。故选B项。

【32题详解】

考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一般来说，依靠多种水源的“组合方法”可能是最有效的。A. questionable有问题的；B. memorable值得纪念的；C. effective有效的；D. confusing令人困惑的。根据前文“relies on multiple water sources”根据常识可知，解决水短缺问题，依靠多种水源是最有效的。故选C项。

【33题详解】

考查形容词词义辨析。句意：城市领导人应该考虑满足长期需求，而不仅仅是日常需求。A. daily日常的；B. legal合法的；C. maximum最高的；D. normal正常的。根据前文“City leaders should be thinking about meeting long-term needs rather than”可知，此处是和长期需求做对比，结合选项可知，日常需求符合题意。故选A项。

【34题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些地区通常缺乏基本资源一其中缺乏规划良好的供水。A. neglect忽略；B. lack缺乏；C. provide提供；D. find发现。根据前文“One major challenge is providing services to informal areas, which develop without any government foresight.”根据常识可知，非正规地区一般是缺少资源的。故选B项。

【35题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我们不采取行动，许多城市可能很快就会面临无水可喝的局面。A. drink喝；B. pour倾倒；C. place安放；D. record记录。根据前文“If we don’t act”可知，如果我们不采取行动，许多城市可能很快就会面临无水可喝的局面。故选A项。

Section B

Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

（A）

A great deal can be learned from the actual traces of ancient human movement: the footprints of early hominids (原始人类). The best-known specimens (标本) are the remarkable tracks discovered at Laetoli, Tanzania, by Mary Leaky. These were left by small hominids around 3.6 to 3.75 million years ago.

Examination of the shape of the prints revealed to Mary Leakey that the feet had a raised arch, a rounded heel (脚跟), a pronounced ball, and a big toe that pointed forward. These features, together with the weight-bearing pressure patterns, resembled the prints of upright-walking modem humans. The pressures imposed along the foot, together with the length of step, which averaged 87 centimeters, indicated that the hominids had been walking slowly. In short, all the detectable features implied that the feet that left the footprints were very little different from those of contemporary humans.

A detailed study has been made of the prints using photogrammetry, a technique for obtaining measurements through photographs, which created a drawing showing all the curves and shapes of the prints. The result emphasized that there were at least seven points of similarity with modem prints, such as the depth of the heel impression, and the deep imprint of the big toe. Footprints thus provide us not merely with rare impressions of the soft tissue of early hominids, but also with evidence of upright walking that in many ways is clearer than can be obtained from the analysis of bones.

The study of fossil footprints is not restricted to examples from such remote periods. Hundreds of prints are known, for example, in French caves dating from the end of the last Ice Age, approximately 10,000 years ago. Research by Leon Pales has provided information about this period.

36. What does the passage mainly discuss?

The career of Mary Leakey.
The analysis of footprint specimens.
Accurate dating of hominid remains.
Behavioral patterns of early humans.

37. The figure of 87 centimeters mentioned in paragraph 2 refers to the size of the _________.

hominids feet
hominids bodies
steps taken by the hominids
objects carried by the hominids

38. Why does the author mention the ‌“heel impression” in paragraph 3?

To indicate the weight of early hominids.
To emphasize the size of the hominids foot.
To hint at a possible injury the hominid had suffered.
To give an example of similarity to modem human footprints.

39. What can be inferred about the footprints found in French caves mentioned in the last paragraph?

They show more details than the Laetoli prints.
They are not as informative as the Laetoli prints.
They are of more recent origin than the Laetoli prints.
They are more difficult to study than the Laetoli prints

【答案】36. B 37. C 38. D 39. C

【解析】

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是科研人员对于远古人类脚印的分析以及这些脚印对于我们研究原始人类和现代人类之间相似性的重要意义。

【36题详解】

主旨大意题。文章第一段“A great deal can be learned from the actual traces of ancient human movement: the footprints of early hominids (原始人类). The best-known specimens (标本)are the remarkable tracks discovered at Laetoli, Tanzania, by Mary Leaky. These were left by small hominids around 3.6 to 3.75 million years ago.(我们可以从古代人类活动的实际痕迹中了解到很多东西：早期原始人的足迹（原始人类）。最著名的标本是由Mary Leaky在坦桑尼亚Laetoli发现的脚印。这些是大约360万到375万年前的小型原始人留下的。)”引出原始人类足迹标本的话题；二、三段具体讲的是科学家对于原始人类足迹的分析，最后一段“The study of fossil footprints is not restricted to examples from such remote periods. Hundreds of prints are known, for example, in French caves dating from the end of the last Ice Age, approximately 10,000 years ago. Research by Leon Pales has provided information about this period.(对化石足迹的研究并不局限于这些遥远时期的例子。例如，在上一次冰河时代末期，大约一万年前的法国洞穴中，已经发现了数百个脚印。Leon Pales的研究提供了有关这一时期的信息。)”举例说明对化石足迹的研究并不局限于这些遥远时期的例子。纵观全文，文章都是在围绕着对于远古人类足迹样本的分析展开，而B项“The analysis of footprint specimens(足迹标本分析。)”概括了全文的内容。故选B项。

【37题详解】

细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Examination of the shape of the prints revealed to Mary Leakey that the feet had a raised arch, a rounded heel (脚跟), a pronounced ball, and a big toe that pointed forward. These features, together with the weight-bearing pressure patterns, resembled the prints of upright-walking modem humans. The pressures imposed along the foot, together with the length of step, which averaged 87 centimeters, indicated that the hominids had been walking slowly.( Mary Leakey对这些脚印的形状进行了检查，发现这些脚印有凸起的足弓、圆形的脚后跟、明显的球形和指向前方的大脚趾。这些特征，加上负重压力的图案，很像直立行走的现代人的脚印。脚上施加的压力，加上平均87厘米的台阶长度，表明原始人走得很慢。)”可知原始人走得很慢说明他正在攀登，所以此处的87厘米指的是原始人当时正在攀登的台阶的高度。故选C项。

【38题详解】

推理判断题。根据文章第三段“The result emphasized that there were at least seven points of similarity with modem prints, such as the depth of the heel impression, and the deep imprint of the big toe. Footprints thus provide us not merely with rare impressions of the soft tissue of early hominids, but also with evidence of upright walking that in many ways is clearer than can be obtained from the analysis of bones. (结果强调，与现代印痕至少有7个相似之处，例如脚跟印痕的深度和大脚趾的深度印痕。因此，脚印不仅为我们提供了早期人类软组织的罕见印痕，而且还提供了直立行走的证据，这些证据在许多方面比从骨骼分析中得到的更清楚。)”可知结果显示脚印与现代人类印痕有许多相似的地方，所以作者提到heel impression是为了举例证明与现代人类足迹的相似性。故选D项。

【39题详解】

推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“The study of fossil footprints is not restricted to examples from such remote periods. Hundreds of prints are known, for example, in French caves dating from the end of the last Ice Age, approximately 10,000 years ago. Research by Leon Pales has provided information about this period.(对化石足迹的研究并不局限于这些遥远时期的例子。例如，在上一次冰河时代末期，大约一万年前的法国洞穴中，已经发现了数百个脚印。Leon Pales的研究提供了有关这一时期的信息。)”可知在大约一万年前的法国洞穴中，已经发现了数百个脚印，由此可以推断法国洞穴中的脚印比Mary Leaky在Laetoli发现的脚印标本起源更近。故选C项。

（B）

The elements other than hydrogen and helium （氮气）exist in such small quantities that it is accurate to say that the universe somewhat more than 25 percent helium by weight and somewhat less than 25 percent hydrogen.

Astronomers have measured the amount of helium throughout our galaxy （星系）and in other galaxies as well. Helium has been found in old stars, in relatively young ones, and in the distant objects known as quasars. Helium nuclei have also been found in cosmic rays that fall on the earth （cosmic ‌“rays” are not really a form of radiation; they consist of rapidly moving particles （颗粒）of numerous different kinds）. It doesn’t seem to make very much difference where the helium is found. Its amount never seems to vary much. In some places, there may be slightly more of it; in others, slightly less, but the proportion of helium to hydrogen nuclei always remains about the same.

Helium is created in stars. In fact, nuclear reactions that turn hydrogen to helium are responsible for most of the energy that stars produce. However, the amount of helium that could have been produced in this manner can be calculated, and it turns out to be no more than a few percent. The universe has not existed long enough for this figure to be significantly greater. Consequently, if the universe is somewhat more than 25 percent helium now, then it must have been about 25 percent helium at a time near the beginning.

However, when the universe was less than one minute old, no helium could have existed. Calculations indicate that before this time temperatures were too high and particles of matter were moving around much too rapidly. It was only after the one-minute point that helium could exist. By this time, the universe had cooled sufficiently. But the nuclear reactions that led to the formation of helium went on for only a relatively short time. By the time the universe was a few minutes old, helium production had effectively ceased.

40. According to the passage, helium is_________.

difficult to detect
the oldest element in the universe
a common element in quasars
the second element in the universe in amount

41. Why does the author mention “cosmic rays‌” in paragraph 2?

To explain how the universe began.
As part of a list of things containing helium.
As an example of an unsolved astronomical puzzle.
To explain the abundance of hydrogen in the universe.

42. Most of the helium in the universe was formed _________.

in invisible space
in a very short time
before most of the hydrogen
during the first minute of the universe’s existence

【答案】40. C 41. B 42. B

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了宇宙中占比最大的元素是氢和氦，以及氦是如何形成的。

【40题详解】

细节理解题。根据第一段“The elements other than hydrogen and helium exist in such small quantities that it is accurate to say that the universe somewhat more than 25 percent helium by weight and somewhat less than 25 percent hydrogen.(除了氢和氦之外的其他元素存在的数量是如此之少，以至于可以准确地说，宇宙中氦的重量比25%多一点，氢的重量比25%少一点)”以及第二段中“Astronomers have measured the amount of helium throughout our galaxy and in other galaxies as well. Helium has been found in old stars, in relatively young ones, and in the distant objects known as quasars.(天文学家已经测量了整个银河系和其他星系中氦的含量。氦在古老的恒星、相对年轻的恒星和遥远的类星体中都被发现过)”可知，氦是类星体中的常见元素。故选C项。

【41题详解】

推理判断题。根据第二段中“Astronomers have measured the amount of helium throughout our galaxy and in other galaxies as well. Helium has been found in old stars, in relatively young ones, and in the distant objects known as quasars. Helium nuclei have also been found in cosmic rays that fall on the earth (cosmic ‌“rays” are not really a form of radiation; they consist of rapidly moving particles of numerous different kinds).(天文学家已经测量了整个银河系和其他星系中氦的含量。氦在古老的恒星、相对年轻的恒星和遥远的类星体中都被发现过。在落在地球上的宇宙射线中也发现了氦核(宇宙射线并不是一种真正的辐射形式;它们由无数种快速移动的粒子组成)。) ”可知，作者在第二段提到“cosmic rays‌”是作为含氦物质清单的一部分。故选B项。

【42题详解】

细节理解题。根据最后一段“However, when the universe was less than one minute old, no helium could have existed. Calculations indicate that before this time temperatures were too high and particles of matter were moving around much too rapidly. It was only after the one-minute point that helium could exist. By this time, the universe had cooled sufficiently. But the nuclear reactions that led to the formation of helium went on for only a relatively short time. By the time the universe was a few minutes old, helium production had effectively ceased.(然而，在宇宙诞生不到一分钟的时候，氦是不可能存在的。计算表明，在此之前，温度过高，物质粒子的运动速度过快。只有过了1分钟，氦才能存在。此时，宇宙已经足够冷却。但是导致氦形成的核反应只持续了相对较短的时间。当宇宙诞生几分钟时，氦的产生实际上已经停止了)”可知，宇宙中的大部分氦都是在很短的时间内形成的。故选B项。

（C）

Every year millions of breeding monarch butterflies in the U.S. and southern Canada search for milkweed plants on which to lay their eggs. Concern over shrinking habitat （居住地）has urged conservationists to create monarch-friendly spaces along roadsides, which are more than enough within the butterflies range and usually publicly owned. But traffic noise stresses monarch caterpillars out, a new study finds. They eventually do become desensitized to it—but that might cause trouble to them later on, too.

Noise pollution is known to affect the lives of birds, whales and other creatures. But until recently, scientists had never tested whether it leads to a stress response in insects. When Andy Davis, a conservation physiologist at the University of Georgia, noticed online videos of roadside monarch caterpillars apparently trembling as cars came by, he wondered how the constant noise might affect them. Davis built a custom caterpillar heart monitor, fitting a small sensor into a microscope to precisely measure monarch caterpillars’ heart rates as they listened to recordings of traffic sounds in the laboratory.

The hearts of caterpillars exposed to highway noise for two hours beat 17 percent faster than those of caterpillars in a silent room. But the heart rates of the noise-exposed group returned to baseline levels after hearing the traffic sounds nonstop for their entire 12-day development period, Davis and his colleagues reported in May in Biology Letters.

This desensitization could be problematic when the caterpillars become adults, Davis says. A rapid stress response is vital for monarch butterflies on their two-month journey to spend winters in Mexico, as they narrowly escape predators（捕食者）and fight wind currents.

Whether a noisy developmental period reduces monarchs’ survival rates remains unknown, notes Ryan Norris, an ecologist at the University of Guelph in Ontario, who was not involved in the study. But in any case, he believes roadside habitat almost certainly drive up the butterflies’ death rates as a result of crashes with cars. ”There is so much potential road habitat for monarchs and other insects一it would be such a nice thing to capitalize on,” Norris says. ‌“But you just can’t get around the traffic.” Davis adds: ”I think roads and monarchs just don’t mix.”

43. By ‌“They eventually do become desensitized to it”, the writer means that.

monarch caterpillars react less strongly to noise

monarch caterpillars are stressed out by road noise

C. conservationists are worried about butterflies habitat

D. conservationists no longer create monarch-friendly spaces

44. What inspired Andy Davis to explore the effect of noise on monarch caterpillars?

There had been little research on monarch caterpillars.
Videos showed cars crashed into monarch caterpillars.
There was no such record of monarch caterpillars’ heart rates.
He found that monarch caterpillars shook with cars moving by.

45. According to Andy Davis, how will exposure to noise influence monarch butterflies?

They are likely to need more time to develop.
They are likely to lose their way on their journey.
They are more likely to be killed in their migration.
They are more likely to die before they become adults.

46. What is Ryan Norris most likely to agree with?

Monarchs5 survival rates are decreasing each year.
It is not recommended that roadside habitat be built for insects.

More capital is needed to study monarchs? developmental period.

D. Butterflies’ rising death rates have nothing to do with moving cars.

【答案】43. A 44. D 45. C 46. B

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了高速公路的噪音对黑脉金斑蝶的影响。

【43题详解】

推理判断题。根据根据第一段中“But traffic noise stresses monarch caterpillars out, a new study finds. They eventually do become desensitized to it—but that might cause trouble to them later on, too.(但一项新的研究发现，交通噪音会让帝王蝶毛虫感到压力。他们最终会对它脱敏，但这也可能会在以后给他们带来麻烦)”第三段中“The hearts of caterpillars exposed to highway noise for two hours beat 17 percent faster than those of caterpillars in a silent room. But the heart rates of the noise-exposed group returned to baseline levels after hearing the traffic sounds nonstop for their entire 12-day development period, Davis and his colleagues reported in May in Biology Letters.(在高速公路噪音中暴露两个小时的毛毛虫的心脏跳动速度比在安静房间中的毛毛虫快17%。但是，戴维斯和他的同事在5月份的《生物学快报》上报告说，在整个12天的发育期内，一直听到交通声音的噪音组的心率恢复到了基线水平)”可推知，作者说“They eventually do become desensitized to it”的意思是黑脉金斑蝶幼虫对噪音的反应较弱。故选A项。

【44题详解】

细节理解题。根据第二段中“When Andy Davis, a conservation physiologist at the University of Georgia, noticed online videos of roadside monarch caterpillars apparently trembling as cars came by, he wondered how the constant noise might affect them. Davis built a custom caterpillar heart monitor, fitting a small sensor into a microscope to precisely measure monarch caterpillars’ heart rates as they listened to recordings of traffic sounds in the laboratory.(当乔治亚大学的保护生理学家安迪·戴维斯(Andy Davis)在网上看到路边黑脉金斑毛虫在汽车经过时明显颤抖的视频时，他想知道持续的噪音会如何影响它们。戴维斯制作了一个定制的毛虫心脏监测器，在显微镜上安装了一个小传感器，当它们在实验室里听交通声音录音时，可以精确测量帝王蝶的心率)”可知，安迪·戴维斯发现黑脉金斑蝶毛虫会随着汽车的移动而晃动，启发他去探索噪音对帝王蝶毛虫的影响。故选D项。

【45题详解】

推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“This desensitization could be problematic when the caterpillars become adults, Davis says. A rapid stress response is vital for monarch butterflies on their two-month journey to spend winters in Mexico, as they narrowly escape predators and fight wind currents.(戴维斯说，当毛虫成年后，这种脱敏可能会产生问题。在两个月的墨西哥过冬之旅中，快速的压力反应对帝王蝶来说至关重要，因为它们可以侥幸逃脱捕食者并与气流作斗争)”可知，露在噪音中会使他们更有可能在迁徙过程中被杀害。故选C项。

【46题详解】

推理判断题。根据最后一段“Whether a noisy developmental period reduces monarchs’ survival rates remains unknown, notes Ryan Norris, an ecologist at the University of Guelph in Ontario, who was not involved in the study. But in any case, he believes roadside habitat almost certainly drive up the butterflies’ death rates as a result of crashes with cars. ” There is so much potential road habitat for monarchs and other insects一it would be such a nice thing to capitalize on,” Norris says. ‌“But you just can’t get around the traffic.” Davis adds: ”I think roads and monarchs just don’t mix.”(安大略圭尔夫大学(University of Guelph)的生态学家瑞安·诺里斯(Ryan Norris)没有参与这项研究，他指出，吵闹的发育时期是否会降低帝王蝶的存活率尚不清楚。但无论如何，他认为路边栖息地几乎肯定会导致蝴蝶因车祸而死亡。“对于帝王蝶和其他昆虫来说，有这么多潜在的道路栖息地一这将是一件很好的事情，”诺里斯说。“但是你就是无法避开交通堵塞。”戴维斯补充说:“我认为道路和帝王蝶不能混在一起。”)”可知，瑞安·诺里斯最有可能同意不建议在路边建造昆虫栖息地，因为他认为道路和帝王蝶不能混在一起。故选B项。

Section C

Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.

Iron Cooks

Robots have arrived in American restaurants and hotels for the same reasons they first arrived on factory floors. ____47____ Labor, meanwhile, is getting expensive, as some cities and states pass laws raising the minimum wage.

“We think we’ve hit the point where labor-wage rates are now making automation of those tasks make a lot more sense,” Bob Wright, the chief operations officer of the fast-food chain Wendy’s, said in a conference call with investors last February, referring to jobs that feature “repetitive production tasks.” Wendy’s and McDonald’s are in the process of installing self-service kiosks in locations across the country, allowing customers to order without ever talking to an employee.

____48____ The international chain CaliBurger, for example, will soon install Flippy, a robot that can make 150 burgers an hour. John Miller, the CEO of Cali Group, which owns the chain, says employees don’t like working in the kitchen. Once the robots are sweating there, human employees will be free to interact with customers in more-targeted ways, bringing them extra napkins and asking them how they’re enjoying their burgers.

How many employees, though, do you need working in the café? ____49____ Will companies like CaliBurger see sufficient value in employing human greeters and soup-and-sandwich deliverers to keep those positions around long-term?

The experience of Eatsa may be instructive. The start-up restaurant, based in San Francisco, allows customers to order its quinoa bowls and salads on their smartphone or an in-store tablet and then pick up their order from a white wall of cubbies — an Automat for the app age. Initially, two greeters were stationed alongside the cubbies to welcome and direct customers. ____50____ So the company now employs a single greeter in its restaurants.

The early success of the kiosks suggests that, at least when ordering fast food, customers prize speed over high-touch customer service.
Business owners insist that robots will take over work that is dirty, dangerous, or just dull, enabling humans to focus on other tasks.
The better hope for workers might be that automation helps the food-service industry continue to develop.
But over time, customers relied less frequently on the greeters.
The cost of machines has fallen significantly in recent years, dropping 40 percent since 2005.
This has typically been the story of automation: Technology eliminates old jobs, but it also creates new ones.

【答案】47. E 48. B 49. A 50. D

【解析】

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了机器人进入美国餐馆和酒店以及所带来的变化。

【47题详解】

根据上文“Robots have arrived in American restaurants and hotels for the same reasons they first arrived on factory floors.(机器人进入美国餐馆和酒店的原因与它们最初进入工厂的原因相同)”以及后文“Labor, meanwhile, is getting expensive, as some cities and states pass laws raising the minimum wage.(与此同时，随着一些城市和州通过提高最低工资标准的法律，劳动力成本也越来越高)”可知，上文提到了机器人进入了餐馆和酒店，后文则提到了劳动力成本增加，可见本句是在说明机器的成本问题。故E选项“近年来机器的成本大幅下降，自2005年以来下降了40%”符合语境，故选E。

【48题详解】

根据后文“The international chain CaliBurger, for example, will soon install Flippy, a robot that can make 150 burgers an hour. John Miller, the CEO of Cali Group, which owns the chain, says employees don’t like working in the kitchen. Once the robots are sweating there, human employees will be free to interact with customers in more-targeted ways, bringing them extra napkins and asking them how they’re enjoying their burgers.(例如，国际连锁店CaliBurger很快就会安装Flippy，这是一个每小时可以制作150个汉堡的机器人。拥有该连锁店的卡利集团的首席执行官约翰·米勒说，员工不喜欢在厨房工作。一旦机器人在那里出汗，人类员工就可以自由地以更有针对性的方式与顾客互动，给他们额外的餐巾纸，并询问他们喜欢吃汉堡吗)”可知，后文国际连锁店CaliBurger的例子表明，机器人可以代替人类去做枯燥的工作，而人类可以专注于与顾客互动，故B选项“企业主们坚持认为，机器人将取代肮脏、危险或枯燥的工作，使人类能够专注于其他任务”符合语境，故选B。

【49题详解】

根据上文“How many employees, though, do you need working in the café?(但是，你需要多少员工在咖啡馆工作？)”以及后文“Will companies like CaliBurger see sufficient value in employing human greeters and soup-and-sandwich deliverers to keep those positions around long-term? (像CaliBurger这样的公司是否认为雇佣接待员和送汤送三明治的人来长期维持这些职位有足够的价值？)”可知，本句承接上文，回答需要多少员工在咖啡馆工作的问题，且结合后文提到了送三明治，即快餐行业，故A选项“自助服务站早期的成功表明，至少在订购快餐时，顾客更看重速度，而不是高质量的顾客服务”符合语境，故选A。

【50题详解】

根据上文“The experience of Eatsa may be instructive. The start-up restaurant, based in San Francisco, allows customers to order its quinoa bowls and salads on their smartphone or an in-store tablet and then pick up their order from a white wall of cubbies — an Automat for the app age. Initially, two greeters were stationed alongside the cubbies to welcome and direct customers.( Eatsa的经验可能是有益的。这家初创餐厅总部位于旧金山，顾客可以在智能手机或店内平板电脑上订购奎奴亚藜碗和沙拉，然后从一排白色的小隔间里取餐——这是应用时代的自动售货机。最初，两名迎宾员站在小隔间旁边，欢迎和指导顾客)”以及后文“So the company now employs a single greeter in its restaurants. (因此，该公司现在在其餐厅雇佣了一名迎宾员)”可知，上文和后文提到了迎宾员的变化情况，可知本句是在说明迎宾员的数量问题，D选项中greeters对应上文中greeters。故D选项“但随着时间的推移，顾客对迎宾员的依赖越来越少”符合语境，故选D。

IV. Summary Writing

51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible.

Advertising Objectives

When developing a successful advertising campaign, marketers must first set an advertising objective. The objective is the purpose for the advertising campaign. There are four main advertising objectives—to inform, to persuade, to compare, or to remind.

Companies use informative advertising to give information about a new type of product. In this case, the purpose is to increase demand for the new product. DVD players are a good example. The first sellers of these products had to tell consumers about the quality and convenience of the new product. Big sales soon followed.

However, informative advertising doesn’t work so well when there are many companies with the same kind of product. This is because consumers already know the normal features of the product. Instead, they need to see how one company’s version is better than all the others. This kind of advertising is called persuasive advertising. For instance, when DVD players became common, Sony began trying to persuade customers that its brand has the best quality for their money to keep sales high.

Comparative advertising also tries to persuade. Thus it is really a kind of persuasive advertising. In this, a company compares its brand with one or more other brands. Comparative advertising has been used for products from soft drinks to car rentals and credit cards. An example is Avis, a car rental company, which compared itself with its bigger rival Hertz by claiming, “We’re number two, so we try harder?”

A different kind of advertising is reminder advertising, which is important for products later in their life. Unlike the other types, its objective is to help to keep strong relationships with customers and to keep them thinking about the product. This is why expensive Coca-Cola television ads mainly build and maintain the Coca-Cola brand relationship, rather than trying to inform or persuade people to buy the drink straight away.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

【答案】Marketers usually launch an advertising campaign for four purposes. First, they advertise to give customers information about products, which work well for new products. Second, they advertise to convince customers that their products are the best. Third, they advertise by comparing their products with others. Lastly, they advertise to establish a strong link with customers.

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，广告有四个主要目的，首先，他们做广告给顾客提供产品信息，这对新产品很有效。其次，他们做广告是为了让顾客相信他们的产品是最好的。第三，他们通过比较自己的产品来做广告。最后，他们通过广告与顾客建立牢固的联系。

【详解】1. 要点摘录

①There are four main advertising objectives—to inform, to persuade, to compare, or to remind.

②Companies use informative advertising to give information about a new type of product.

③The first sellers of these products had to tell consumers about the quality and convenience of the new product.

④Instead, they need to see how one company’s version is better than all the others. This kind of advertising is called persuasive advertising.

⑤In this, a company compares its brand with one or more other brands.

⑥Unlike the other types

its objective is to help to keep strong relationships with customers and to keep them thinking about the product.

2. 缜密构思

将2,3句进行整合，1，4，5，6句进行要点提取，重新表达。

3. 遣词造句

Marketers usually launch an advertising campaign for four purposes.

They advertise to give customers information about their products, which is very effective for new products.

They advertise in order to convince customers that their products are the best.

【点睛】[高分句型1]First, they advertise to give customers information about products, which work well for new products.(which引导的非限制性定语从句)

[高分句型2]Second, they advertise to convince customers that their products are the best.(that引导宾语从句)

V. Translation

Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.

52. 显而易见，照片上的形象与我眼前的这个人一点不像。（look）(汉译英)

【答案】Obviously, the image in the photo looks nothing like the person in front of me.

【解析】

【详解】考查时态，主谓一致和短语。根据所给中文提示词，“显而易见”应该做状语，修饰后面整个句子，译为“obviously”，本句主语是“形象”，“照片上的”做定语修饰主语，所以译为“the image in the photo”，谓语动词根据题干要求，需用look，再根据句意此处应该用固定搭配：look like意为“看起来像”，“与我眼前的这个人一点不像”应译为“look nothing like the person in front of me”描述的是客观事实，应该用一般现在时，主语是“the image”为第三人称单数，所以谓语动词用“looks”。故译为：Obviously, the image in the photo looks nothing like the person in front of me.

53. 在学生们的要求下，这位来自葡萄牙的老师唱了一首他们的民歌。（request）(汉译英)

【答案】At the request of the students, the teacher from Portugal sang a folk song from their country.

【解析】

【详解】考查介词短语、动词时态和名词。表示“在……的要求下”应用介词短语at the request of，作状语；表示“唱”应用动词sing，作谓语，动作发生在过去应用一般过去时；表示“一首他们的民歌”应用a folk song from their country，做宾语；表示“来自葡萄牙的”应用介词短语from Portugal，作定语，修饰teacher。故翻译为At the request of the students, the teacher from Portugal sang a folk song from their country。

54. 开展线上活动，是想鼓励孩子们随时随地体验运动的快乐。（intend）(汉译英)

【答案】Online activities are intended to encourage children to experience the happiness of sports anytime and anywhere.

【解析】

【详解】考查固定搭配和非谓语动词。根据所给中文提示词，以及题干要求，需用intend，所以将原句转化为“开展线上活动旨在鼓励孩子们随时随地体验运动的快乐。”，从而可以用固定搭配：be intended to意为“目的是，旨在”，其中主语是“开展线上活动”译为“online activities”，谓语动词用be intended to，描述的是客观事实，用一般现在时，故应是“are intended to”，“鼓励孩子们”作宾语，译为“encourage children”，“体验运动的快乐”应该用固定搭配：encourage sb to do sth to do，所以此处是不定式作宾语补足语，译为“to experience the happiness of sports”，“随时随地”作状语，译为“anytime and anywhere”。故译为：Online activities are intended to encourage children to experience the happiness of sports anytime and anywhere.

55. 与同类产品相比，这款产品实现了体积更小、重量更轻、功能更全、精度更高的目标。(achieve)(汉译英)

【答案】Compared with similar products, this one has achieved the goals of smaller volume, lighter weight, more complete functions and higher precision.

【解析】

【详解】考查时态和非谓语动词。根据所给中文提示词，本句主语是“这款产品”应译为“this one”，谓语动词为“实现了”，根据题干要求，应该用achieve，根据句意可知，表达“已实现”之意，应该用现在完成时，故译为“has achieved”，“目标”做宾语译为“the goals”，“体积更小、重量更轻、功能更全、精度更高的”做定语，修饰目标，应译为“of smaller volume, lighter weight, more complete functions and higher precision”，“与同类产品相比”做本句比较状语，“比较”译为“compare”，此处应该用非谓语形式，和逻辑主语this one之间是被动关系，用过去分词表被动，故译为“compared with similar products”。故译为：Compared with similar products, this one has achieved the goals of smaller volume, lighter weight, more complete functions and higher precision.

VI. Guided Writing

56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.

假设你是明启中学高三学生李明，最近收到好友王磊的邮件，信中提到他对如何选择大学专业感到非常困惑。回复王磊一封邮件，内容须包括：

1.你对选择专业的建议；

2.你的理由。

【答案】Dear Wanglei,

Hearing that you have trouble deciding which major you should choose when you enter the university, I’d like to offer you some suggestions. And I hope they will give you a hand.

First of all, it’s advisable that you choose one that is fit for your own interest because interest is the best teacher. When an obstacle arises, you will have the enthusiasm to crack it instead of giving it up. Also, pick a major you are good at. Sufficient knowledge may contribute to your progress. Last but not least, you’d better consider the career prospects since you will have to take advantage of what you’ve learnt in college to find yourself a job. When choices are multiple, you will have more chances.

Hope my advice is worthy taking and you can find your ideal major!

Yours,

Li Ming

【解析】

【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生以高三学生李明的身份写邮件给好友王磊，对他将来如何选择大学专业提出建议并给出理由。

【详解】1.词汇积累

决定：decide→determine

建议：suggestion→advice

擅长：be good at→do well in

机会：chance→opportunity

2.句式拓展

简单句变复合句

原句：Also, pick a major you are good at. Sufficient knowledge may contribute to your progress.

拓展句：Also, pick a major you are good at because sufficient knowledge may contribute to your progress.

【点睛】【高分句型1】First of all, it’s advisable that you choose one that is fit for your own interest because interest is the best teacher.（运用了that引导的主语从句、that引导的定语从句和because引导的状语从句）

【高分句型2】Last but not least, you’d better consider the career prospects since you will have to take advantage of what you’ve learnt in college to find yourself a job.（运用了since引导的状语从句和what引导的宾语从句，不定式作目的状语）

发布于 2022-12-23 22:10 ・IP 属地上海

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