添加链接 注册    登录
link之家
链接快照平台
  • 输入网页链接，自动生成快照
  • 标签化管理网页链接
相关文章推荐
痴情的甘蔗  ·  边缘性人格障碍 (BPD) ...·  6 月前    · 
失眠的灭火器  ·  镇海蛟川书院2020届13班毕业微电影_哔哩 ...·  7 月前    · 
冷冷的胡萝卜  ·  弃用 Exchange Online ...·  9 月前    · 
风度翩翩的黑框眼镜  ·  衡阳市人民政府门户网站-衡阳政报2016年第 ...·  9 月前    · 
纯真的皮带  ·  奥利维亚·韦尔奇_百度百科·  1 年前    · 
link之家  ›  2019 冠状病毒病（COVID-19） - 症状与病因- 妙佑医疗国际
https://www.mayoclinic.org/zh-hans/diseases-conditions/coronavirus/symptoms-causes/syc-20479963
个性的汉堡包
1 年前
Skip to content

冠状病毒是一大类病毒家族的总称，可引起包括普通感冒、严重急性呼吸道综合征（SARS）和中东呼吸综合征（MERS）在内的多种疾病。2019 年发现了一种新型冠状病毒，这种病毒是导致中国暴发疫情的罪魁祸首。

它被命名为严重急性呼吸道综合征冠状病毒 2 型（SARS-CoV-2）。这种病毒导致的疾病被称为 2019 冠状病毒病（COVID-19）。世界卫生组织（WHO）于 2020 年 3 月宣布 COVID-19 疫情为大流行。

包括美国疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）和 WHO 在内的公共卫生组织正在监测 COVID-19 疫情，并在各自的网站上发布最新消息。这些组织还就如何预防和治疗 COVID-19 致病病毒发布了相关建议。

产品与服务

症状

2019 冠状病毒病（COVID-19）的体征和症状可能会在接触病毒后的 2 到 14 天出现。接触病毒后到出现症状前的这段时间称为潜伏期。感染者在出现症状之前仍可以传播 COVID-19 （症状前传播）。常见体征和症状可能包括：

COVID-19 的早期症状可能包括味觉或嗅觉丧失。

其他症状可能包括：

  • 气短或呼吸困难
  • 红眼病（结膜炎）

    • 该列表并非详尽列表。儿童的症状与成人相似，一般病情轻微。

    COVID-19 症状的严重程度从非常轻度到重度不等。有些人可能只有少许症状。有些人可能根本没有症状，但仍能传播该疾病（无症状传播）。症状开始一周后，有些人的症状可能加重，例如气短和感染性肺炎加重。

    部分患者的 COVID-19 症状会在确诊后持续四周以上。这些健康问题有时被称为 COVID-19 后病症。一些儿童会在患 COVID-19 数周后患多系统炎症综合征（一种可能影响部分器官和组织的综合征）。极少数情况下，一些成人也会患该综合征。

    年长者出现严重 COVID-19 病症的风险更高，而且风险随年龄增加。身患其他医学疾病的人患严重疾病的风险也更高。可能增加 COVID-19 重症风险的医学状况包括：

    什么时候应该去看医生

    如果您出现 COVID-19 的体征或症状，或者接触过 COVID-19 确诊患者，请立即联系医疗服务提供者获取医疗建议。医务人员可能会建议您进行 COVID-19 检测。如果您出现紧急的 COVID-19 症状，如呼吸困难，请立即就医。如果您需要去医院，请提前致电，这样医疗服务提供者就可以采取措施以确保其他人不受感染。

    如果您出现紧急的 COVID-19 体征和症状，请立即就医。紧急体征和症状可能包括：

  • 持续的胸部疼痛或压迫感
  • 无法保持清醒
  • 新出现的意识模糊
  • 皮肤、嘴唇或甲床变白、变灰或变青（取决于肤色）

    • 本列表并不详尽。如果您年龄较大或有慢性医疗状况，如心脏病或肺病，请告知您的医疗服务提供者，因为您可能有较高的 COVID-19 重症风险。

    更多信息

    病因

    感染严重急性呼吸道综合征冠状病毒 2（SARS-CoV-2）会引起 2019 冠状病毒病（ COVID-19 ）。

    导致 COVID-19 的病毒很容易在人群中传播。数据显示， COVID-19 病毒主要在密切接触者之间进行人际传播。该病毒通过携带者咳嗽、打喷嚏、呼吸、唱歌或说话时释放的呼吸道飞沫传播。这些飞沫可能会被吸入或落在附近人的口、鼻或眼中。

    小飞沫或气溶胶可以在空气中停留几分钟或几个小时； COVID-19 病毒有时会在人接触到这些飞沫或气溶胶时得到传播，这称为空气传播。

    如果您触摸带有病毒的表面，然后触碰自己的口、鼻或眼睛，病毒也可能传播。但是风险较低。

    COVID-19 病毒可以通过无症状感染者传播。这称为无症状传播。 COVID-19 病毒还可以通过受到感染但尚未出现症状的人而传播。这称为症状前传播。

    有些人可能不止一次患 COVID-19 。

    如果病毒出现一种或多种新突变，这些突变病毒就称为原始病毒的变异株。与 COVID-19 原始致病病毒和德尔塔变异株相比，奥密克戎（B.1.1.529）变异株更易传播。但是，奥密克戎的致病严重程度似乎更轻。已完成全程疫苗接种的人可能会出现突破性感染，并将病毒传播给他人。但 COVID-19 疫苗能有效预防重症。这种变异株也会削弱一些单克隆抗体治疗方法的有效性。奥密克戎有几个主要分支（亚型），包括 BA.5 和 BA.2.12.1。根据 CDC 的数据，在 2022 年 8 月于美国进行基因测序的 COVID-19 感染病例中，BA.5 约占 88%。

    4 月， CDC 将德尔塔变异株从关切变异株降级为监测变异株。这意味着德尔塔变异株目前在美国不被视为重大公共卫生威胁。

    风险因素

    COVID-19 的风险因素可能包括：

  • 与 COVID-19 患者（特别是有症状者）有过密切接触
  • 感染者对着您咳嗽或打喷嚏
  • 与感染者同在通风不良的室内

    • 并发症

    虽然大多数 COVID-19 患者只有轻度至中度症状，但某些患者有可能会出现严重并发症并因此死亡。老年人或有基础疾病的人感染 COVID-19 后转为重症的风险更高。

    并发症可能包括：

  • 感染性肺炎和呼吸困难
  • 多个器官衰竭
  • 严重的肺部疾病，导致流经全身的血液含氧量降低，造成机体供氧不足（急性呼吸窘迫综合征）
  • 急性肾损伤
  • 其他病毒和细菌感染

    • 更多信息

    预防

    美国食品药品管理局（FDA）已紧急授权部分 COVID-19 疫苗在美国使用。 FDA 已批准辉瑞－生物科技的 COVID-19 疫苗（现称为复必泰，Comirnaty）用于 12 岁及以上人群预防 COVID-19 。 FDA 已授予辉瑞－生物科技 COVID-19 疫苗紧急使用许可，可以用于 6 个月至 11 岁的儿童。

    FDA 已批准莫德纳疫苗（现称为 Spikevax）用于 18 岁及以上人群预防 COVID-19 。 FDA 也已授权莫德纳 COVID-19 疫苗用于 6 个月至 17 岁儿童。 FDA 还授权诺瓦瓦克斯 COVID-19 佐剂疫苗用于 12 岁及以上人群预防 COVID-19 。

    由于可能出现危及生命的凝血问题， FDA 限制部分 18 岁及以上人群接种杨森/强生疫苗，例如接种 mRNA COVID-19 疫苗后出现严重过敏反应的人群，以及由于资源有限、个人或宗教担忧而无法接种 mRNA COVID-19 疫苗的人群。如果您要接种此疫苗，请务必了解出现凝血问题的风险和症状。

    疫苗可以防止您感染 COVID-19 病毒，或在您已感染 COVID-19 病毒的情况下，防止出现严重病情。此外，相比感染 COVID-19 ，接种 COVID-19 疫苗或许能够提供更好的保护力。最近的一项研究表明，感染过 COVID-19 但未接种疫苗的人群再次感染 COVID-19 的可能性是完全接种人群的两倍以上。

    接种后，您可以更安全地重新开始许多曾因疫情而无法进行的活动。但是，如果您所在地区有大量 COVID-19 住院病例和新发 COVID-19 病例， CDC 建议在室内公共场所佩戴口罩。接种第二剂 mRNA COVID-19 疫苗后两周，接种两剂诺瓦瓦克斯疫苗，或接种单剂型杨森/强生 COVID-19 疫苗后两周，即视为已完成全程疫苗接种。如果您已接种所有推荐的 COVID-19 疫苗，包括在符合条件时接种了加强针，即视为及时接种最新疫苗。

    建议已接种疫苗但可能尚未产生足够强免疫反应的人群再接种一剂 COVID-19 疫苗基础针。

    与之相应，对于已接种且免疫反应逐渐减弱的人群，建议接种加强针。研究表明，接种加强针可以降低感染 COVID-19 和因感染而患严重疾病的风险。

    中度或重度免疫系统功能低下的人群应额外接种基础针和加强针。

    CDC 建议在特定的情况下接种 COVID-19 疫苗的额外基础针和加强针：

    额外基础针。 CDC 建议免疫系统功能较弱的人群，例如接受过器官移植的人群，接种 mRNA COVID-19 的额外基础针。免疫系统功能较弱的人群在接种两剂 mRNA COVID-19 疫苗或一剂杨森/强生 COVID-19 疫苗后可能无法产生足够的免疫力。使用 mRNA COVID-19 疫苗作为额外针剂，或许能增强该人群对 COVID-19 的抵抗能力。建议将此 mRNA COVID-19 额外针剂用于 6 月龄及以上的人群。

    应在接种第二剂 mRNA COVID-19 疫苗或接种单剂型杨森/强生 COVID-19 疫苗至少四周后接种额外基础针剂。额外基础针剂的品牌应与您所接种其他两剂 mRNA COVID-19 疫苗的品牌相同。如果所接种疫苗的品牌未知，则任一 mRNA COVID-19 疫苗均可作为第三剂接种。

    加强针。 这些建议因年龄、所接种疫苗和免疫系统状况而异。但总体而言，可以在上一次疫苗接种后至少两个月接种加强针。最近 COVID-19 检测结果呈阳性的人群可以考虑在症状开始后等待 3 个月再接种加强针。

    已接种莫德纳 COVID-19 疫苗的 6 月龄至 5 岁儿童可以接种更新的二价莫德纳 COVID-19 疫苗加强针。该加强针基于原始病毒株和两株奥密克戎株。

    已接种辉瑞－生物科技 COVID-19 疫苗的 5 岁儿童只能接种更新的辉瑞－生物科技 COVID-19 二价疫苗加强针。

    6 岁及以上的人群可以选择更新的辉瑞－生物科技疫苗或更新的莫德纳 COVID-19 二价疫苗加强针。

    如果您年满 18 岁，且已接种杨森 COVID-19 疫苗，则可在接种该疫苗的至少两个月后接种任意一种 mRNA 二价疫苗加强针。18 岁及以上人群也可在上次接种疫苗的至少六个月后接种基于原始病毒株的诺瓦瓦克斯加强剂，将其作为第一剂加强针。

    孕妇也能接种 COVID-19 加强针。

    5 岁及以上免疫系统功能低下且已接种所有推荐剂次莫德纳、辉瑞－生物科技或诺瓦瓦克斯 COVID-19 疫苗的人群，可以接种更新的辉瑞－生物科技或莫德纳 COVID-19 二价疫苗加强针剂。

    FDA 还批准一些免疫系统功能低下或对 COVID-19 疫苗有严重反应的人群使用单克隆抗体替沙格韦单抗联合西加韦单抗（Evusheld，恩适得）预防 COVID-19 。但针对某些奥密克戎毒株，Evusheld 可能提供的保护较少或无法提供保护。

    您可以采取许多措施来降低感染 COVID-19 病毒或将该病毒传染给他人的风险。 WHO 和 CDC 建议采取以下预防措施：

  • 接种疫苗。 COVID-19 疫苗可降低感染和传播 COVID-19 的风险。
  • 避免与生病或出现症状的任何人密切接触。
  • 在室内公共场所与他人保持距离。如果您患重症的风险较高，这一点尤为重要。需要记住，有些 COVID-19 患者即使没有症状或不知道自己患 COVID-19 ，也可能将病毒传播给他人。
  • 避开人群，并避免空气流通（通风）不畅的室内场所。
  • 经常用肥皂和水洗手至少 20 秒，或者使用酒精含量至少 60% 的免洗洗手液。
  • 如果您所在地区有大量 COVID-19 住院病例和新发 COVID-19 病例，无论您是否已接种疫苗，均应在室内公共场所佩戴口罩。 CDC 建议佩戴您经常佩戴、贴合度良好、舒适且最具防护性的口罩。
  • 改善室内空气流通情况。开窗通风。打开风扇，将空气吹到窗外。如果无法开窗，考虑使用空气过滤器。打开浴室和厨房的排气扇。也可以考虑使用便携式空气净化器。
  • 咳嗽或打喷嚏时，用手肘或纸巾遮住口鼻。用过的纸巾应直接扔掉。立即洗手。
  • 避免触摸眼睛、鼻子和嘴巴。
  • 患病期间避免与他人共用餐具、水杯、毛巾、床上用品和其他日常用品。
  • 定期清洁和消毒频繁接触的表面，例如门把手、电灯开关、电子产品和台面。
  • 如果生病，请勿上班、上学或前往公共场所；除非外出看病，其余时间请留在家中自行隔离。患病期间避免乘坐公共交通工具、计程车和网约车。

    • 如果您患有慢性病并且可能较高风险发生重症，请咨询医生以了解其他自我防护方法。

    旅行

    如果您计划外出旅行，请先查看 CDC 和 WHO 网站，了解最新情况和相关建议。 CDC 建议在往返美国或美国境内的飞机、公共汽车、火车和其他室内公共交通工具上，以及在机场和火车站等地，都要佩戴口罩。在公共场所保持良好的手部卫生习惯。如果您的健康状况让您更容易发生呼吸道感染和并发症，还建议您咨询医务人员。

    更多信息

    1. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-2019). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/index.html. Accessed Oct. 17, 2022.
    2. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019. Accessed Oct. 22, 2021.
    3. AskMayoExpert. COVID-19: Inpatient management (adult). Mayo Clinic; 2021.
    4. AskMayoExpert. Upper respiratory tract infection. Mayo Clinic; 2020.
    5. Tosh PK (expert opinion). Mayo Clinic. March 16, 2020.
    6. What you should know about coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). American Academy of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery. https://www.enthealth.org/be_ent_smart/what-you-should-know-about-coronavirus-disease-2019-covid-19/. Accessed Nov. 9, 2021.
    7. McIntosh K. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Epidemiology, virology, clinical features, diagnosis, and prevention. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed Nov. 9, 2021.
    8. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) treatment guidelines. National Institutes of Health. https://covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/introduction/. Accessed Feb. 18, 2022.
    9. Emergency use authorization. U.S. Food & Drug Administration. https://www.fda.gov/emergency-preparedness-and-response/mcm-legal-regulatory-and-policy-framework/emergency-use-authorization. Accessed Feb. 18, 2022.
    10. Coronavirus (COVID-19) update: FDA authorizes first standalone at-home sample collection kit that can be used with certain authorized tests. U.S. Food & Drug Administration. https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/coronavirus-covid-19-update-fda-authorizes-first-standalone-home-sample-collection-kit-can-be-used. Accessed May 20, 2020.
    11. Coronavirus (COVID-19) update: FDA authorizes first diagnostic test using at-home collection of saliva specimens. U.S. Food & Drug Administration. https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/coronavirus-covid-19-update-fda-authorizes-first-diagnostic-test-using-home-collection-saliva. Accessed May 20, 2020.
    12. Interim guidelines for collecting, handling, and testing clinical specimens for COVID-19. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-nCoV/lab/guidelines-clinical-specimens.html. Accessed June 29, 2020.
    13. Speth MM, et al. Olfactory dysfunction and sinonasal symptomatology in COVID-19: Prevalence, severity, timing, and associated characteristics. Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. 2020; doi:10.1177/0194599820929185.
    14. Marshall WF (expert opinion). Mayo Clinic. Nov. 23, 2020.
    15. Vaccines and related biological products advisory committee meeting. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. https://www.fda.gov/media/144245/download. Accessed Dec. 9, 2020.
    16. AskMayoExpert. COVID-19: Vaccination. Mayo Clinic; 2021.
    17. Science Brief: SARS-CoV-2 and surface (fomite) transmission for indoor community environments. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/more/science-and-research/surface-transmission.html. Accessed April 13, 2021.
    18. Interim public health recommendations for fully vaccinated people. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/fully-vaccinated-guidance.html. Accessed Dec. 15, 2021.
    19. Coronavirus (COVID-19) update: FDA authorizes additional vaccine dose for certain immunocompromised individuals. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/coronavirus-covid-19-update-fda-authorizes-additional-vaccine-dose-certain-immunocompromised. Accessed Aug. 13, 2021.
    20. Talking with patients who are immunocompromised. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/covid-19/clinical-considerations/immunocompromised-patients.html. Accessed Aug. 16, 2021.
    21. COVID-19 vaccines for moderately to severely immunocompromised people. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/recommendations/immuno.html. Accessed Oct. 17, 2022.
    22. Joint CDC and FDA statements on vaccine booster. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/joint-cdc-and-fda-statement-vaccine-boosters. Accessed Aug. 16, 2021.
    23. Comirnaty and Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine frequently asked questions. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. https://www.fda.gov/emergency-preparedness-and-response/mcm-legal-regulatory-and-policy-framework/comirnaty-and-pfizer-biontech-covid-19-vaccine-frequently-asked-questions. Accessed Aug. 23, 2021.
    24. CDC statement on ACIP booster recommendations. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2021/p0924-booster-recommendations-.html. Accessed Sept. 24, 2021.
    25. Frequently asked questions about COVID-19 vaccination. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/faq.html. Accessed Oct. 1, 2021.
    26. CDC expands eligibility for COVID-19 booster shots. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2021/p1021-covid-booster.html. Accessed Oct. 22, 2021.
    27. Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 frequently asked questions. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. https://www.fda.gov/emergency-preparedness-and-response/mcm-legal-regulatory-and-policy-framework/pfizer-biontech-covid-19-vaccine-frequently-asked-questions. Accessed Nov. 3, 2021.
    28. FDA authorizes Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine for emergency use in children 5 through 11 years of age. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-authorizes-pfizer-biontech-covid-19-vaccine-emergency-use-children-5-through-11-years-age. Accessed Nov. 3, 2021.
    29. Coronavirus (COVID-19) update: FDA expands eligibility for COVID-19 vaccine boosters. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/coronavirus-covid-19-update-fda-expands-eligibility-covid-19-vaccine-boosters. Accessed Nov. 19, 2021.
    30. COVID-19 vaccine booster shots. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/booster-shot.html. Accessed Jan. 6, 2022.
    31. Coronavirus (COVID-19) update: FDA expands eligibility for Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 booster dose to 16- and 17-year-olds. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/coronavirus-covid-19-update-fda-expands-eligibility-pfizer-biontech-covid-19-booster-dose-16-and-17. Accessed Dec. 9, 2021.
    32. Coronavirus (COVID-19) update: FDA authorizes new long-acting monoclonal antibodies for pre-exposure prevention of COVID-19 in certain individuals. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/coronavirus-covid-19-update-fda-authorizes-new-long-acting-monoclonal-antibodies-pre-exposure. Accessed Dec. 9, 2021.
    33. CDC endorses ACIP's updated COVID-19 vaccine recommendations. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2021/s1216-covid-19-vaccines.html. Accessed Dec. 17, 2021.
    34. Stay up to date with your vaccines. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/stay-up-to-date.html. Accessed April 4, 2023.
    35. Types of masks and respirators. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prevent-getting-sick/types-of-masks.html. Accessed Jan. 17, 2021.
    36. Spikevax and Moderna COVID-19 vaccine. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. https://www.fda.gov/emergency-preparedness-and-response/coronavirus-disease-2019-covid-19/spikevax-and-moderna-covid-19-vaccine. Accessed Jan. 31, 2022.
    37. Coronavirus (COVID-19) update: FDA authorizes new monoclonal antibody for treatment of COVID-19 that retains activity against omicron variant. U.S. Food & Drug Administration. https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/coronavirus-covid-19-update-fda-authorizes-new-monoclonal-antibody-treatment-covid-19-retains. Accessed Feb. 17, 2022.
    38. Use and care of masks. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prevent-getting-sick/about-face-coverings.html. Accessed Feb. 28, 2022.
    39. COVID-19 community levels. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/science/community-levels.html. Accessed Aug. 11, 2022.
    40. Interim clinical considerations for use of COVID-19 vaccines currently approved or authorized in the United States. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/covid-19/clinical-considerations/covid-19-vaccines-us.html#CoV-19-vaccination. Accessed March 30, 2022.
    41. Coronavirus (COVID-19) update: FDA authorizes second booster dose of two COVID-19 vaccines for older and immunocompromised individuals. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/coronavirus-covid-19-update-fda-authorizes-second-booster-dose-two-covid-19-vaccines-older-and. Accessed March 30, 2022.
    42. Coronavirus (COVID-19) update: FDA limits use of Janssen COVID-19 vaccine to certain individuals. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/coronavirus-covid-19-update-fda-limits-use-janssen-covid-19-vaccine-certain-individuals. Accessed May 9, 2022.
    43. Novavax COVID-19 vaccine, adjuvanted. Food and Drug Administration. https://www.fda.gov/emergency-preparedness-and-response/coronavirus-disease-2019-covid-19/novavax-covid-19-vaccine-adjuvanted. Accessed Oct. 17, 2022.
    44. Improving ventilation in your home. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prevent-getting-sick/Improving-Ventilation-Home.html. Accessed Aug. 16, 2022.
    45. Understanding exposure risks. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/your-health/risks-exposure.html. Accessed Aug. 23, 2022.
    46. Variants and genomic surveillance. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#variant-proportions. Accessed April 12, 2023.
    47. COVID-19 bivalent vaccine boosters. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. https://www.fda.gov/emergency-preparedness-and-response/coronavirus-disease-2019-covid-19/covid-19-bivalent-vaccine-boosters. Accessed Oct. 17, 2022.
    48. Reinfections and COVID-19. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/your-health/reinfection.html. Accessed Sept. 13, 2022.
    49. COVID-19 Therapeutics. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. https://www.fda.gov/health-professionals/covid-19-health-care-professional-resources#Therapeutics. Accessed April 13, 2023.
    50. FDA releases important information about risk of COVID-19 due to certain variants not neutralized by Evusheld. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-safety-and-availability/fda-releases-important-information-about-risk-covid-19-due-certain-variants-not-neutralized-evusheld. Accessed Jan. 19, 2023.
    51. Pre-exposure prophylaxis with Evusheld. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/clinical-care/pre-exposure-prophylaxis.html. Accessed Jan. 19, 2023.
      52. 'Deaths of Despair' contribute to 17% rise in Minnesota's death rate during COVID-19 pandemic March 13, 2023, 12:00 p.m. CDT Mayo Clinic research shows bebtelovimab to be a reliable option for treating COVID-19 in era of BA.2, other subvariants Aug. 15, 2022, 02:09 p.m. CDT COVID-19 vaccination for kids age 5 and younger starting the week of July 4 at most Mayo sites July 01, 2022, 04:00 p.m. CDT Patients treated with monoclonal antibodies during COVID-19 delta surge had low rates of severe disease, Mayo Clinic study finds June 27, 2022, 03:00 p.m. CDT Mayo Clinic Q&A podcast: Community leaders are key to reaching people underrepresented in research May 26, 2022, 02:00 p.m. CDT Confused about when to get your second COVID-19 booster vaccination? Mayo Clinic expert answers common questions April 11, 2022, 04:30 p.m. CDT Mayo Clinic will offer COVID-19 booster for those 50 and older, immunocompromised patients 12 and older April 06, 2022, 02:30 p.m. CDT Why calling the highly contagious COVID-19 omicron BA.2 a 'stealth variant' is a misnomer April 01, 2022, 04:59 p.m. CDT Breakthrough hospitalizations 'extremely uncommon' after COVID-19 immunity, Mayo study finds March 22, 2022, 04:44 p.m. CDT Mayo Clinic in Rochester continues to ease visitor restrictions for hospitalized patients March 22, 2022, 03:34 p.m. CDT Mayo Clinic Q&A podcast: Increased heart disease risk, even a year after COVID-19 infection March 08, 2022, 01:36 p.m. CDT Mayo Clinic expert discusses how COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy may protect babies after birth Feb. 25, 2022, 03:17 p.m. CDT Community leaders and Mayo Clinic researchers develop playbook for COVID-19 health equity, future pandemics Feb. 16, 2022, 04:00 p.m. CDT Mayo Clinic Q and A: Ways patients who are immunocompromised can protect themselves from COVID-19 Feb. 01, 2022, 02:08 p.m. CDT Mayo Clinic's statement on the Declaration of Local Emergency requiring masking in indoor spaces in Rochester Jan. 15, 2022, 11:35 p.m. CDT E-cigarette users who test positive for COVID-19 are more likely to experience COVID-19 symptoms Jan. 13, 2022, 06:18 p.m. CDT Mayo Clinic Health System to host virtual community forum, 'The COVID-19 Pandemic: Where Do We Go From Here' Jan. 05, 2022, 07:33 p.m. CDT Global study finds metabolic syndrome increased risk of acute respiratory distress syndrome, death in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 Dec. 22, 2021, 05:00 p.m. CDT Mayo Clinic stands with other health care organizations to urge public to help curb COVID-19 Dec. 13, 2021, 05:20 p.m. CDT Sharing Mayo Clinic: Robert Kass finds voice again after long COVID-19 battle, tracheal resection Dec. 12, 2021, 11:00 a.m. CDT Why SARS-CoV-2 mutations come and go, and physicians' advice remains the same: Please vaccinate Dec. 09, 2021, 07:10 p.m. CDT Mayo Clinic Q&A podcast: Travel trends and colder temperatures could mean a COVID-19 holiday surge Nov. 17, 2021, 01:24 p.m. CDT U.S. Secretary of Health and Human Services visits Mayo Clinic to emphasize the importance of pediatric COVID-19 vaccinations Nov. 10, 2021, 09:35 p.m. CDT Mayo Clinic leads biorepository core for new nationwide research on long-term symptoms of COVID-19 Sept. 20, 2021, 07:23 p.m. CDT Mayo Clinic study highlights development of remote patient monitoring program during COVID-19 pandemic Sept. 02, 2021, 04:24 p.m. CDT Mayo Clinic Q&A podcast: COVID-19 modeling shows 100,000 people in the U.S. could die over the next 3 months Sept. 01, 2021, 11:59 a.m. CDT 3 things you can do to stop the spread of COVID-19 regardless of whether you're vaccinated Aug. 31, 2021, 01:00 p.m. CDT Monoclonal antibody treatment combo reduces hospitalization among high-risk patients with COVID-19 Aug. 30, 2021, 12:00 p.m. CDT Virtual Public Forum: (Mis)trust in the COVID-19 vaccine in the African American Community Aug. 28, 2021, 06:47 p.m. CDT Responding to increased demand for COVID-19 testing, vaccines and implementing visitor restrictions Aug. 24, 2021, 04:18 p.m. CDT COVID-19 Resource Center addresses surge in delta variant infections, vaccination rates and hot spots Aug. 03, 2021, 04:06 p.m. CDT
     
    推荐文章
    痴情的甘蔗  ·  边缘性人格障碍 (BPD) 和复杂的创伤后应激障碍 (CPTSD)：高度创伤的临床样本中的网络分析。,Journal of Personality Disorders - X-MOL
    6 月前
    失眠的灭火器  ·  镇海蛟川书院2020届13班毕业微电影_哔哩哔哩_bilibili
    7 月前
    冷冷的胡萝卜  ·  弃用 Exchange Online 中的基本身份验证 | Microsoft Learn
    9 月前
    风度翩翩的黑框眼镜  ·  衡阳市人民政府门户网站-衡阳政报2016年第3、4期
    9 月前
    纯真的皮带  ·  奥利维亚·韦尔奇_百度百科
    1 年前
    今天看啥   ·   Py中国   ·   codingpro   ·   小百科   ·   link之家   ·   卧龙AI搜索
    删除内容请联系邮箱 2879853325@qq.com
    link之家 - 链接快照平台
    © 2024 ~ 沪ICP备11025650号