钢铁雄心4开发日志 | 8/11 苏联反对派

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牧游社牧有汉化翻译

HOI4 Dev Diary - Soviet Union Opposition

Wrongwraith. HOI4 Content Designer

Hello comrades, and welcome back to another DevDiary for No Step Back. After Comrade @ManoDeZombi (as chairman of the People's Commitee for Focus Tree Production) introduced you to the historical and shared branches of the Soviet tree last week, today we will be talking about the Opposition against Stalin.

同志们吼，欢迎阅览另一篇关于 绝不后退No Step Back 的开发日志。在国策开发人民委员部的主席 @ManoDeZombi 同志介绍了苏联国策树的史实与通用路线后，今天我们来聊聊斯大林的反对派。

The opposition to Stalin during the 30's was diverse and divided. Thus I guess it is fitting that the work on the various paths for the Soviet Union has been divided between several CDs unlike normally, when one tree is designed by one CD. Thus the creation of the CD Soviet.

在30年代，斯大林的反对派多样而分散。所以我认为也该将苏联不同路线的工作分给多个内容设计师，这不同于以往单个国策树对应单个内容设计师负责的模式。因此，我们组建了“内容设计苏维埃”。

I got the honor of writing this diary, so I shall do my best at covering all the options available for the alternative communist branches.

我有幸担起编写这篇日志的重任，所以我将尽量介绍其他共产主义路线的所有选择。

It is also my first dev diary, as I am relatively new to the Content Design team at HoI. Hope you like it!

这也是我的第一篇开发日志，因为我在钢铁雄心的内容设计团队中还是个新人。希望大家喜欢！

Please note though that at the moment of writing this dev diary, a lot of things are still being worked upon, and copy edits to be done, so there will be changes before release.

请记住本篇开发日志编写时，还有很多东西在开发中，还有很多文字编辑的事情要办妥，因此在发布前仍会有所改动。

Even before Lenin's death, there was a bitter power struggle within the party. Lenin introduced a ban on factionalism, which Stalin later used to defeat his opponents. But before that happened, several sub groups had formed behind outspoken leaders. Initially the strongest ones were Kamenev and Zinovyev and their so called "New Opposition". Their main opponent, back in the early 20's, was Trotsky, leading what came to be known as the Left Opposition. On the other "side" of the spectrum was the Right Opposition, fronted by Bukharin. Of course, there were other groups as well - as the Workers' opposition, and the Decemist faction, and nothing was stable for long as allegiances shifted.

在列宁逝世前，党内就已经有了激烈的权力斗争。列宁提出禁止搞派别，而斯大林之后则借此禁令击败了对手。但在此之前，在直言不讳的领袖身后已经有了几个小派系。原先最强大的是加米涅夫与季诺维也夫和其所谓的“ 新反对派New Opposition ”。20年代初期他们的主要对手是托洛茨基，他领导着日后被称作 左翼反对派Left Opposition 的团体。位于政治光谱“另一侧”的则是由布哈林领导的 右翼反对派Right Opposition 。当然也有其他团体——如 工人反对派Workers Opposition 与 民主集中派Decemist ，派别的支持变化导致局势并不稳定。

Stalin, forming his own faction, aptly called the "center", and using his position as party secretary to his advantage, played the others against each other, gradually gaining total control of the communist party.

斯大林也有自己的派别，恰如其分地称之为“ 中间派Center ”，并利用了他的党委书记地位挑动他人相互敌对，并逐渐获得了对共产党的完全控制。

While all this was happening, the surviving leaders and generals of what had been the disunited white movement were plotting in Manchuria.

此时，曾经各自为战的白军幸存领袖与将领也正在东三省图谋不轨。

As communist you will have three main options. One is to stay with the center and keep Stalin as country leader. That option has already been covered, so let’s move on.

作为共产主义者，你有三个主要选项。其一是走中间派道路，保留斯大林作为国家领袖。该选项我们已经详细描述过了，那么现在咱们继续往下走。

The second option you have is a move to the left.

你的第二个选项是向左转。

As you can see from the tooltip, if you go down this path, you will end up in a civil war. There was simply no way Stalin would just hand over power to Trotsky or his allies. You have a few things you can do to make life easier for you once the war starts, and to prepare for what comes after.

正如提示栏所言，如果你沿这条路线走下去，那么最终会导致一场内战。斯大林不可能就这样把权力交给托洛茨基和他的盟友。你可以做些事情让内战爆发后过得容易些，并准备之后的各种情况。

You can send trusted advisors abroad, in order to keep them safe from Stalin. Relatively safe anyway, stay clear of ice picks.

你可以把可信的顾问送到国外，以保证他们免遭斯大林毒手。至少相对来说安全，但还是得绕开冰镐。

You can tie closer bonds with Smirnov, and his Workers' opposition, who were always close to the left opposition anyway.

你可以与斯米尔诺夫和他的工人反对派建立更紧密的联系，毕竟他们跟左翼反对派关系还是更近。

Additionally you can convince a few notable Military Officers to side with you. That will strengthen the ties with the military, making your side stronger in the upcoming civil war. Like e.g. Primakov (portrait is work in progress by the way, just wanted to show you one of the new guys):

此外，你可以说服几名著名的军官站在你一边。这会加强你与军方的联系，让你方在即将到来的内战中更加强大。比如，普里马科夫（顺便，肖像仍在制作中，只是想先给你看看新人中的一位）：

Also, Stalin agitated a lot against what he called "wreckers" - organized workers doing planned sabotage - associated with the Trotskyists. Whether historically true or not, you can use that tactic against him and actually organize wrecker squads.

另外，斯大林将他所谓的“破坏分子”——有计划地进行破坏行为的有组织工人——与托派分子联系到了一起，并一直在激烈地镇压他们。不管史实如何，你都可以用这种战术对付他，并真正组织起破坏分子小队。

As can be seen from the screenshot above, you can point your finger at the Right opposition, in the hope that Stalin's paranoia will hit them, rather than your people.

从上面的截图可以看到，你可以把聚光灯引到右翼反对派头上，来保证斯大林的偏执会干碎他们，而不是你的势力。

When you feel ready, you complete the "Ignite the Flames" to start the war - unless of course, Stalin's paranoia has forced your hand already.

当你觉得准备就绪，你就可以完成国策“点燃烈火”来开启战争——当然，除非斯大林的偏执已经逼你不得不出手。

We'll return to the Civil War in a sec, but first, let's take a peek at the other end of the alternative Communist Branch:

我们等会儿再来聊内战，现在先来瞅瞅共产主义路线分支的另一端：

Bukharin's side of the Tree

国策树的布哈林部分

If you want to oppose Stalin, but don't feel Trotsky is your guy, you can always go to Bukharin, and the Right Opposition. In order to confuse everyone, this time we have "the right" to the right of "the left"... But at least "the left" is to the right of "the center", to keep some chaos… (There's a reason for that though - which you can probably guess from the above, but more of that later).

如果你既想反对斯大林，又不想玩托洛茨基，那么可以选择布哈林与右翼反对派。为了把大伙儿整不会，这次我们把“右翼”放到了“左翼”的右边……但至少“左翼”是在“中间派”的右边，把内容搅浑点……（但这么做是有理由的，你大概能从上面猜到，但后面会详细解释）。

Bukharin was one of Stalin's first allies, and he used him to thwart Kamenev's plans. Later he got brushed to the side and accused of plotting against Stalin. When the game starts he is out of favor, out of power, but not entirely out of options.

布哈林是斯大林的首批盟友之一，后者利用他挫败了加米涅夫的计划。后来他被边缘化，并被指控筹划反对斯大林。当游戏开局时，布哈林并不受欢迎，游离于权力核心之外，但并非完全不在候选列表之内。

Just like the Left Opposition you can try your luck at removing Stalin by starting a civil war:

就像左翼反对派一样，你可以通过开启内战来试试运气，干掉斯大林：

It should be noted though, that the Right opposition will have a much lower support within the military than the Left Opposition has - it is after all "Trotsky's Red Army" - so if push comes to shove you might have to get some help from abroad.

但必须注意，右翼反对派在军队中的支持率将会比左翼反对派低得多——那毕竟它是“托洛茨基的红军”——所以迫不得已的话，你可能不得不从国外获取一些帮助。

For example, you can offer Vladivostok to the Japanese, making them more inclined to support you when the war starts.

例如，你可以将海参崴（符拉迪沃斯托克）割让给日本，让日本在内战爆发后更倾向于支持你。

Other options include e.g. trading future resource rights in return for Military factories. If you are lucky, some nations might even send a general or two to help you.

其他决议选项包括用未来的资源换取军用工厂。如果玩家比较幸运的话，一些国家可能会派遣一两个将军来协助你。

The New Opposition and Common focuses

新反对派与通用国策

But before we delve deeper into the Civil War, let's take a step - not back - but rather to the side. I mentioned there's a reason the left and the right are together in the focus tree and that is of course because, as I said before, alliances shifted all the time, and if you want, you can actually join forces against Stalin. And ally with Zinovyev and Kamenev if you want to do that.

在更深入内战前，让我们先移步一下——不是往后撤（译注：扩展包名双关梗），而是往侧边看看。我曾说过在国策树里把右派和左派放在一起是有原因的。这个原因就是，如我之前所说的那样，结盟关系是在不断变化的。如果你希望的话，你可以加入反对斯大林的势力，并与季诺维也夫和加米涅夫组成联盟。

By choosing the "cooperative" option, you get access to more advisors and get a higher level of popular support, but you also get penalties due to the many differences of opinion in the party.

通过选择“合作”，你可以获得更多的顾问、更高的民众支持度。不过由于党内存在诸多不同的意见，你也会获得一些惩罚。

But of course, you don't have to do this, if you'd rather work alone, you can always use the other side as scapegoats.

不过当然，你也不是非得这么干，如果你喜欢单干，你总是能转而把另一派当作替罪羊。

Another (very) important part in this part of the focus tree are the focuses intended to help you prepare for the actual war. You can start infiltrating the military, to gain control of a larger part of the Red Army/Navy/Airforce when the war starts, secure more generals and admirals to your cause, or simply divert Stalin's attention to the military branch, making him target them instead of your political leaders, weakening his own forces before the actual show of force.

这一国策树中（非常）重要的另一部分就是帮助你实际准备应对内战的国策。你可以开始渗透军队，争取在战争开始时获得红军/红海军/空军的大部分控制权，为了你的事业保护更多的陆军及海军将领。或者，你也可以直接将斯大林的注意力转移到军队上，让斯大林瞄准军队而非你的政治领袖，从而在摊牌前削弱斯大林自己的力量。

Similarly you can infiltrate the NKVD. This can be extra useful if you are planning on having the Right Opposition replace Stalin. More on that soon.

同样的，你也可以渗透NKVD。如果你准备走右翼反对派路线取代斯大林，那么这一行动会有额外作用。之后我们会详细说明。

The Civil War Mechanics

内战机制

Ok, so let's return to the actual Civil War mechanics:

好的，接下来我们回到实际的内战机制：

In general, the mechanics are very similar to the Spanish Civil War mechanics, although slightly simplified as the sheer number of Soviet states would make it overwhelming.

大体上，这一机制与西班牙内战机制十分相似，不过我们做了一些轻微的简化，因为苏联省份数量太多会导致玩家难以应付。

The first thing you have to do is decide from where you want to start the uprising. Depending on which branch you have selected you will be presented with slightly different options. This is roughly what it will look like for the Left Opposition. (again bear in mind the rather rough appearance of the Decision text etc - it is a work in progress image after all).

你要做的第一件事就是决定从哪里发起起义。取决于你所选取的路线，你将会看到一些相差甚微的选项。下面是当你选择了左翼反对派后所大致呈现的内容（恳请再次宽恕这粗糙的决议文本，毕竟这是半成品的图片）。

Once you have established a base, which will then be your base during the civil war, you can start infiltrating neighboring states - as long as Stalin hasn't made a crackdown there first. In general it is a good idea to keep the supply situation in mind when planning your civil war. Only controlling states with a poor supply situation will make your attack on the capital much harder.

在你建立了将会成为内战中底盘的基地后，你可以开始渗透临近省份——只要斯大林没有先镇压这里。只控制补给困难的地区会让你对首都的进攻更为困难。

When the war finally starts, the states you have infiltrated will be the ones you control, so doing some thinking ahead can be recommended. Note that you cannot infiltrate central Russian states, nor Leningrad. Stalin and his cronies have too tight a grip on those for them to be taken.

当内战最终爆发时，你曾渗透的省份将会被你控制，所以建议玩家要先先仔细考量。注意，你不可以渗透俄罗斯中心地区或列宁格勒。斯大林和他的亲信会牢牢掌控这些地区。

The Military support focus unlocks a number of decisions that can be taken:

“军队的支持”国策会解锁一系列可选决议：

These will ensure that you get more officers and/or a larger portion of the armed forces when the war starts. However, as with almost anything the opposition does this also affects Stalin's paranoia. The more people you try to sway to your cause, the likelier he is to randomly swing at his opponents, real or believed.

这些决议将会保证在内战爆发时你会得到更多的指挥官和/或武装力量。然而，反对派的绝大多数行动都会影响斯大林的偏执度。越多的人加入你的队伍，斯大林就越有可能随机地痛击他的反对者，不管这些“反对者”是真的还是他臆想的。

You can also, as mentioned before, interact with other countries. Either by offering various concessions or by just doing a fundraising campaign (Left Opposition).

就像之前所说的那样，你也可以与其他国家互动。或是做出一系列让步，或者去进行一些筹款活动（左翼反对派路线）。

So far so good. However, Stalin won't sit idly by while you are preparing to remove him. First of all, as soon as he gets wind of the plot, he will make crackdowns in various states, blocking them from being taken over by the opposition, as can be seen in the next picture, where Mykolaiv is secured by Stalin.

到目前为止一切都还好。但是斯大林不可能傻傻地等着你去取代他。首先，当他得知了阴谋的风声后，他将会镇压不同的地区，防止这些地区被反对派控制，就像下图所示，尼古拉耶夫被斯大林所管控。

Additionally, he will use whatever means at his disposal to ensure the loyalty of Generals and admirals. So if you dally too long, you might lose a few key ones - having to fight them rather than having them on your side.

同时，他也会尽他的所能去确保将领以及海军上将的忠诚。所以如果你拖得太久，你可能会失去一些重要将领——他们会成为你的对手，而不是盟友。

But perhaps most importantly, Stalin will continue with his own focus tree. And, as those of you who read last week's diary remember: that has effects on the opposition…

但是可能更重要的是，斯大林会继续他自己的国策树。所以，正如你们上周所看的日志那样，这会影响反对派。

So the longer you wait with kicking off the war, the more people Stalin will have had time to purge. So it's basically a balancing act. Some purges can be avoided, but it will cost you, and the paranoia will continue to increase. And if it increases too high, there is a risk that Stalin will actually start the war, rather than you. This is not only bad because you don't get to choose the time, it is also bad as you won’t get the bonuses that the focuses that kick off the war gives.

因此，你开始这场内战的时间越晚，就有越多的人被斯大林清洗掉。所以，这基本上是一项追求平衡的行动。有些清洗可以避免，但也会有花费，同时会继续提高斯大林的偏执度。如果偏执度增长过高，到时发动内战的很可能会是斯大林。这可是个坏事，因为这不单单让你无法选择开战时间，还会让你无法得到国策赋予的主动开战奖励。

And sooner or later you have to start that war:

你迟早要开始这场内战：

With for example this guy in charge…

举个栗子，领导人可能会是这位…

Killing Stalin

刺杀斯大林

"And sooner or later you have to start that war" - to be totally honest; that is not entirely true. If you go down the Right Opposition path, you can actually try to remove Stalin in a different way. If you manage to convert the current NKVD chief to your cause, you can attempt to assassinate Stalin instead, and then stage a coup claiming power in the chaos that reigns after that.

“你迟早要发动那场战争”——说老实话，这并不完全正确。如果你选择了右翼反对派路线，你完全可以用另一种方式铲除斯大林。如果你能设法拉拢NKVD领导人，你就可以尝试刺杀斯大林，然后趁着斯大林之死的混乱发动政变夺取政权。

You have to do this before Stalin's ally (and basically 2nd in command) Beriya becomes head of the NKVD, however, or else it will be too late. If you succeed, you will have a window of opportunity in which you can move to replace Stalin's temporary successor with the man of your choice. Thus basically replaying the historical events of 1953, only some 15 or so years earlier. But beware, if the attempt fails, Stalin's paranoia will increase greatly (rightly so this time, I guess) - and that might lead to him launching a full scale war against you, so you’d better prepare for that eventuality...

然而，你必须在斯大林的盟友（并且基本上是二把手）贝利亚成为NKVD首脑前进行，否则就太晚了。如果你成功了，你就有一个窗口期，用你选择的人来取代斯大林的临时接任者。所以，这基本上是重演1953年的历史事件，不过仅仅是早来了15年左右。但是要注意，如果尝试刺杀失败了，斯大林的偏执会大大上升（我寻思这次涨得很合理）——这可能会导致斯大林对你发动全面内战，所以你最好对这种可能做足准备……

Infiltrating the rank and file of the NKVD in addition to getting their chief on your side certainly increases the odds as well.

除去笼络其首脑，渗透NKVD队伍也能加大优势。

After the Civil War

内战之后

So you fight the civil war, defeat Stalin. Then what?

所以你打了内战，战胜了斯大林，然后呢？

Well, if you do it as one of the two communist branches, you can still do basically everything that Stalin could - apart from those focuses locked behind the The Centre focus. Not all, but most of the industrial and military focuses are still valid - as are most of the foreign policy ones.

如果你作为两个共产主义分支路线的某派打赢了内战，你基本上可以做斯大林能做的所有事——除了已经被锁定的在“中间派”之后的国策。大部分工业和军事国策仍然有效——大多数外交政策也是如此。

But going through all this must surely lead to something else as well, right?

但是经历过了这些，肯定会导致其他某些事情，对吧？

And yes it does.

确实会有其他事情。

For the Left opposition the "bottom half" (more really) of the tree looks like this:

对于左翼反对派，国策树的“下半部分”（更确切的说）如下图所示：

You have the "Permanent Revolution" sub branch that helps you spread world revolution:

你有“永远的革命”这个次级路线分支，可以帮助你传播世界革命：

If you have Trotsky as your leader, he also gets an upgraded trait when you go down this route.

如果托洛茨基是国家元首，当你走完这条国策时他的特质将得到升级。

You can make final call on how to deal with any remaining opposition groups as well (goes for both left and right opposition)

你也可以就处理反对派的问题作出最终选择（对左翼和右翼反对派均适用）。

If you go for the Builder of the Red Army focus ( only available with Trotsky at the helm) you can also have Trotsky assuming command of your field forces.

如果你选择了“红军的缔造者”这个国策（仅在托洛茨基掌权时可用），你也可以让托洛茨基指挥你的陆军。

Aside from restarting world revolution you will have the decision on how to proceed with what was once the Soviet Union. How far will you decentralize? Either you can go for a fully decentralized state, including giving greater autonomy to the republics, in effect releasing them as puppets and then helping them get stronger:

除了重启世界革命之外，你可以选择如何处理曾经的苏联。去中心化要推到什么程度？你可以缔造一个完全去中心化的国家，包括给予共和国更大的自治权，实际是将他们作为傀儡国释放然后帮助他们变得更强大。

Or you work towards giving the Supreme Soviet increased power, basically removing the need for a figurehead leader

或者你可以选择赋予最高苏维埃更多的权力，到最后基本消除对于象征意义的国家元首的需求。

If you are going down the Right opposition path, you will have a similar amount of things to do after the take over, but with a slightly different mix:

如果你走的是右翼反对派路线，你在掌权之后也有挺多事情要做，但是内容略有不同：

The "Back to the NEP" sub branch contains various focuses for revamping the Soviet economy, with the goal of turning the country into an economic powerhouse.

“重回新经济政策”的次级路线分支包括了几个重整苏维埃经济的国策，目标是让苏维埃联盟重新成为经济强国。

You can also upgrade Tomsky's traits, again improving your ability to compete with the USA for example.

你也可以升级米哈伊尔•帕夫洛维奇•托姆斯基的特质，再次提高你和美国的竞争力。

You can also get puppet wargoals and bonuses against non-communist neighbors through the "Enemies of the people" focus.

你也可以通过“人民之敌”国策来获得对非共产主义邻国的傀儡战争目标和额外奖励。

Like the Left Opposition you can go down the "Supreme Soviet" path, but you can also choose to keep your current leader and instead go for the "For the Common Good" sub path.

像左翼反对派一样，你可以走“最高苏维埃”道路，但是你也可以选择保留你现在的国家元首，转而选择“为了共同利益”次级路线分支。