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发人深省的幽默----路易CK(1)

发人深省的幽默----路易CK(1)

知乎上有这么个问题:

有哪些笑完之后发人深省的笑话? - 生活 - 知乎

在这个盛产万赞答案的问题中,我看了看排名最高前了十几个答案,我既没有笑也没有深省。几乎所有的答案中的“笑话”都弥漫着一种愤世嫉俗、玩世不恭的犬儒主义。大多数故事甚至忘记了好笑,只是在贩卖挫折感和愤怒的情绪。

Comedy is a funny way of being serious
---------- Peter Ustinov

Saddly, those jokes are neither funny nor serious, they are just.... shit.

上一篇文章( 知乎专栏 )提到,后现代风格的讽刺喜剧提供了一种避开“叙事陷阱”的解构问题的角度,但是这些讽刺艺术作品中很多都落入这样一个陷阱:为了追求“笑果”和“机智”,笑话本身变得过于玩世不恭、傲慢、惺惺作态。它们中的大多数并不提供任何新的视角,不过是用俏皮话重复了观众们已经知道的事情,而装作是一个崭新的观点罢了。典型如《南方公园》,和大家熟悉的各种吐槽网红。更加糟糕的是,这些笑话不仅仅没有灵魂,更多的时候实在贩卖和传播戾气----让观众一笑过后情绪更加低落,有些观众误以为这种低落是在“深省”从而给它们很高的评价。

我们中的大多数意识不到讲好一个有灵魂的笑话是很难的一件事,而且我们不会去欣赏、感激这样的努力,所以我的Feed上充斥着《万万没想到》、Papi酱、《生活大爆炸》这样的垃圾食品式的幽默。

路易CK式幽默的天才之处在于它确实提供了一种观众从未注意过的视角,但是一旦观众站到那个视角,马上就能产生深层次的共鸣。而观众会自然而然到达问题的结论,并不需要路易说教式的灌鸡汤,大家都还处于路易营造的干燥、诙谐的幽默氛围里。

下面是两段路易《柯南》谈话节目中关于科技与现代生活的访谈。关于科技与生活话题的汗牛充栋,比如大家熟悉的Papi酱吐槽社交网络,但是她吐槽中,有任何内容是新奇的、你没见过、没想过的么?不,没有一点东西是新的,唯一有喜剧效果的是她快进过的声音。觉得Papi式幽默好笑的大约相当于觉得放了半袋味精的菜品就是鲜美无比的,放了半袋白糖的的甜品就是美味的一样。

(幽默是不能被翻译,也是不能被解读的,特别是stand up comedy,delivery是营造气氛很关键的一点。仅仅是讲笑话的人用词的顺序,语速,语气就能决定一个笑话是否好笑,所以光光是写下来,气氛就没有,更不要谈换成另外一种语言------语序和语言逻辑都变化了。所以下一段中,幽默部分被我剥离了,只留下对话的内容。要体会路易的幽默,请参考原视频,链接已经给出。)

youtube.com/watch?

You need to build an ability to just be yourself and not be doing something. That's what the phones are taking away, is the ability to just sit there. That's being a person. Because underneath everything in your life there is that thing, that empty—forever empty. That knowledge that it's all for nothing and that you're alone. It's down there.

事情是这样的,你得锻炼那种“什么事情都不做”的能力。手机剥夺得正是这样的机会---它剥夺了我们那种“就干坐在那儿”的状态。那种状态实际就是 做人 的状态,想想是吧!因为你一辈子你做的所有事情都在表层,这些东西之下,有个空虚的内核----那个简单的自省----“生活是没有意义的,你永远是孤独的。"这种认识每个人都有,而且它就在那儿,在所有东西下面。

And sometimes when things clear away, you're not watching anything, you're in your car, and you start going, 'oh no, here it comes. That I'm alone.' It's starts to visit on you. Just this sadness. Life is tremendously sad, just by being in it...

当乱七八糟分心的东西开始散开的时候,当你不在看什么网页或者视频的时候,当你一个人坐在汽车里面的时候,你就开始:“哎呀呀,来了来了!!”那种孤独感会来袭击你,就是那种单纯的悲伤。不是说有什么特别的事情引起的,生活本身就是极度悲伤的,单纯是泡在里面都悲痛地不能自己

That's why we text and drive. I look around, pretty much 100 percent of the people driving are texting. And they're killing, everybody's murdering each other with their cars. But people are willing to risk taking a life and ruining their own because they don't want to be alone for a second because it's so hard.

所以我们一边开车一边玩手机。我身边100%的人都会有一边开车一边玩手机的时候。他们会冒撞死别人,毁了自己一生的风险,仅仅是因为他们不想沉浸在那几秒钟的孤独里面,这就是为什么 做人 这么难。

I was in my car once and Bruce Springsteen's song was on, Jungle Land , and there's one part when he sound really far away, I heard it, and it gave me this fall backs to school depression feeling, make me really sad. And I go, 'oh, I'm getting sad, gotta get the phone and write "hi" to like 50 people'...then I said, 'you know what, don't. Just be sad. Just let the sadness, stand in the way of it, and let it hit you like a truck.'

有一回,我坐在车里面,电台在放Bruce Springsteen的歌,那首Jungle Land。里面有一段他的声音听起来离得特别远,我听了以后就突然有种那种类似“返校忧郁”的悲伤感。我就:“呀呀呀!来了来了”,我立刻去伸手够手机,我要给50个人发信息说:“嗨!”然后等他们跟我说话,伸了一半,我就想:不,不发了,就悲伤好了,就站那儿,让悲伤像一辆卡车一样撞上来。

And I let it come, and I just started to feel 'oh my God,'and I pulled over and I just cried like a bitch. I cried so much. And it was beautiful. Sadness is poetic. You're lucky to live sad moments.

然后我就把车停在路边,就像一个小婊砸一样哭了起来。我哭了特别多,竟然哭到感觉哭是件很美的事。悲伤是很有诗意的,经历悲伤的瞬间其实是件很幸运的事情。

And then I had happy feelings. Because when you let yourself feel sad, your body has antibodies, it has happiness that comes rushing in to meet the sadness. So I was grateful to feel sad, and then I met it with true, profound happiness. It was such a trip.

然后我就有了这种,特别幸福的感觉。就是那种,当你觉得极度悲伤的时候,你的身体就像释放抗体一般的释放幸福感,赶到现场正面去迎悲伤。感到悲伤之后就会有那种真正深刻的幸福感。

The thing is, because we don't want that first bit of sad, we push it away with a little phone or a jack-off or the food. You never feel completely sad or completely happy, you just feel kinda satisfied with your product, and then you die. So that's why I don't want to get a phone for my kids.

问题就出在,我们不想去感受那第一份悲伤,那太难了,我们坚持不了,我们就伸手去够手机,或者打飞机,或者吃东西,把它推开。这样久了, 你就从来不会感受完全的难过,也不会感到完全的喜悦,就是对你拥有的产品们感觉还马马虎虎,差不多比较满足,然后你就死了。 嗯,对,这就是为什么我不让我小孩儿用手机(观众笑)

Everything is amazing and nobody is happy(一切都是那么奇妙,但是没人因此高兴)

youtube.com/watch?

Louis CK: Those were simpler times I think. I just feel like, we may be going back to that by the way, but ah, in a way good because when I read things like the foundations of capitalism are shattering I'm like maybe we need that. Maybe we need some time where we're walking around with a donkey with pots clanking on the sides, ya know.

路易:过去的日子(信息时代之前)简单多了!嘿嘿,顺便说一句,搞不好我们就要回到那个时代了----不过我想这也有好的方面-----我看书有的时候看到这样的观点“资本主义社会的基础在坍塌”,这可能正是我们需要的,我们需要牵着驴走在泥泞的路上---锅碗瓢盆、全部家当在驴背上丁铃当啷~~~~

Conan O'Brien: You think that that would just bring us back to reality.

柯南:你觉得这样我们就能回到现实了。

Louis: Ya, because everything is amazing right now and nobody's happy. Like in my lifetime the changes in the world have been incredible. When I was a kid we had a rotary phone. We had a phone you had to stand next to and you had to dial it, (yes) you know. You know, you ever realize how primitive, you're making sparks in a phone and you actually would hate people with zeros in their numbers 'cause it was more (right) oh, this guy's got two zeros, screw that guy, why do I wanna, ugh... and then if, if they called and you weren't home the phone would just ring lonely by itself.

路易:嗯,因为现在所有的事情都是那么奇妙,但是没人因为这些高兴。就我这辈子里面,世界的变化简直爆炸!我小时候,那真是“拨号”的不开玩笑!你们这些小屁孩都没有意识到那玩意儿有多原始,拨得时候火花四溅,而且你会讨厌那些号码里面好多个0的家伙,每次拨0的时候你都得等回弹等半天:“日了这傻逼,电话号码里面俩0!”而且更加蛋疼的是,你只要不在家,你就接不到电话。

And then when, if you wanted money you had to go in the bank for (yes) when it was open for like three hours. You had to stand in line, write yourself a check like an idiot, and then when you ran outta money you just go, well I can't do any more things now (yeah, right) I can't do any more things (that's it, yeah) that was it. And, and, and even if you had a credit card they, the guy'd go ugh and he'd bring out this whole shunk, shunk and he'd write and he'd have to call the president to see if you had any money.....

而且,你想要钱,你得真去银行,还得趁银行开门的那仨钟头去。你得排队,像个傻逼一样写支票。你没钱的时候你就别啥事儿都干不了了,你也别动啥心思了,而且就算你有信用卡,那人要拿出个吓人的大机器刷来刷去,还得写各种乱七八糟的材料,他还要打电话给总统确认你丫是不是真的还有钱。

Conan: It's all true kids. You had to call the president, yeah. It was rediculous. (yes) Do you feel that we now, in the 21st century, we take technology for granted.

柯南:(对观众)没错,孩子们,那时候得打电话给总统才行。(对路易)你是觉得,我们现在把科技当做理所让然的事情了。

Louis: Well, yeah, 'cause now we live in, in an amazing, amazing world and it's wasted on the, on the crappiest generation of just spoiled idiots that don't care because, this is what people are like now. They got their phone and they're like eeaagh, it won't, give it a second! Give it, it's going to space, would ya give it a second to get back from space, it's the speed of light, it's true, it's true. (yeah) I was on a, I was on an airplane and there was internet, high speed internet on the airplane (yes) that's the newest thing that I know exists. And I'm sitting on the plane and they go open up your laptop and you can go on the internet and it's fast and I'm watching YouTube clips it's amazing. I'm in an airplane and then it breaks down and they apologize the internet is not working and the guy next to me goes pua this is bull****. Like how quickly the world owes him something (yes) he knew existed only 10 seconds ago (right, right) and on planes ....

路易:嗯,你看,我们现在的世界真是奇妙无比,但是所有的奇妙事物都被浪费在一代漫不经心地被惯坏的傻逼身上。现在人的常态是:拿着手机,纠着脸:“噫~~~日,啥玩意儿啊,咋这么慢?”你就不能等两分钟?这玩意去外太空了哎!你能等个一两分钟等它从外太空回来嘛?

前一段时间我坐了一次飞机,那个航班有空中WIFI,是最新的产品,之前我都不知道还有这么个好东西。速度还很快,我坐在飞机上打开电脑上网、看Youtube,哇塞!感觉棒极了。但是中途Wifi坏了,机务给大家道歉:“不好意思,wifi故障了”,然后我旁边那个家伙就:“切!什么垃圾玩意儿?!”你看看这家伙------这么一个你十分钟前才知道存在的东西----你是怎么这么快就安心觉得全世界都欠着你这个好东西?

Flying (Verbs as Nouns) is the worst one because people come back from flights and they tell you their story and it's like a horror story. It's, they act like their flight was like a cattle car in the 40's in Germany. (yeah) That's how bad they make it sound (right). They're like it was the worst day of my life. First of all we didn't board for 20 minutes (right) and then we get on the plane and they made us sit there on the runway for 40 minutes. We had to sit there. Oh really, what happened next? Did you fly through the air incredibly like a bird? Did you partake in the miracle of human flight, you non-contributing zero? Wow, you're flying! It's amazing! Everybody on every plane should just constantly be going, oh my God, wow (yes) you're flying, you're, you're sitting in a chair in the sky (yes, yeah, yeah) but it doesn't go back a lot. And it smells really. You know, here's the thing. People like they say there's delays on flights (yeah) delays really New York to California in 5 hours. That used to take 30 years to do that and a bunch of you would die on the way there and have a baby. You'd be with a whole different group of people by the time you got there. Now you watch a movie you take a dump and you're home.

这种理所当然的心态最能体现在坐飞机的那帮家伙身上。每次有人跟你讲航班经历,他们都仿佛在讲一个恐怖故事,他们把飞机描述的跟开往集中营的运畜拖车一样:“这是我一辈子最惨的一天,先是晚点了20分钟,然后又让我们在跑道上干坐了40分钟!”哦哦哦,真的么?然后呢?你有没有神奇得如大鸟一般在空中穿梭?你参与没参与人类飞行奇迹?你这个0贡献的寄生虫?想想哎,你在飞哎!你坐在一万米高空中的一把椅子上哎!!依我看,所有飞机上的人都应该从头到尾抓紧椅子,身体后仰,瞪大眼睛大喊:“额滴神啊!!!太刺激啦!!!!!哇哇哇哇!!!!!”

现在的人从纽约到加州花了5个钟头就觉得不得了了,这个世界耽搁了他好多时间。就在没多久以前,这段距离得花30年,在路上有的人死了,有的人生了娃,到加州的时候都已经是另外一批人了。现在呢,你看个电影拉一坨屎就到了。


这两段访谈中,后现代喜剧的元素自嘲、反讽、戏剧夸张一个都不缺,但是路易与众不同之处在于,他的幽默不是那种明显的“卖弄机智,逗机灵”,没有那种有意无意的踩低别人拔高自己的语言游戏。在他懒散的语言组织中,观众能感受到路易在真诚地邀请观众从他看问题的角度,这种真诚的内核真是他的后现代同伎所缺乏的。

科技带来的信息轰炸削弱人们体验真实情感的话题早已不新鲜,时不时就被某段视频,谋篇文章拉出来炒一炒,但是翻来覆去就是那么几段车轱辘话。第一段访谈中,路易分享的是自己由于一段音乐触发的孤独感的经历,这种经历是每个人都能产生共鸣的-----没有什么特殊事件触发,就是自己呆着呆着,突然就被孤独感袭击了;然而,智能手机给我提供了一种非常轻易的走入舒适区的方法----分心,观众看到这里,就会联系自己的经历:“是啊,智能设备出现之后,我有多久没有那种单纯浸泡在孤独里面的感受了?”我们不断的刷feed,时间线,来挤占一切零散时间,就因为我们怕那一点点零星的孤独。最后 “你就从来不会感受完全的难过,也不会感到完全的喜悦,就是对你拥有的产品们感觉还马马虎虎,差不多比较满足,然后你就死了。 ”很轻松地drive home。

第一段访谈从个人的角度,第二段便是从宏观的角度:“我们的资本主义社会太高效了,不仅仅生产流水线化,连享受也变得流水线化。致使我们认为所有事情都是理所当然”

产业变得越来越标准化,每个人都是标准件,不是什么不可替代的独特的雪花----甚至是高端人才---------整个构架是如此之大,他只需要做好自己的工作就行,他用不着看到全局的图景,他不知道自己做的工作具体价值是什么。这对于老板是好事情,因为他的筹码就更高了,你的筹码就更低了。这个系统如此高效,连消费者也是如此,产品封装好送到我们面前,我们只管用就行了,我们不会退后一步去看看全局的图景,我们不会去感激appreciate我们能获得的生活,麻木和抱怨变成了主流。

这和马克思100多年前预言的事情是一样的,《资本论》说了这样一个故事:资本主义最终的缺陷是它的极度高效,产业工人无法认识appreciate自己工作的分量,消费者也无法认识appreciate他消费的产品的价值,浓缩为一句话就是 一切都是那么奇妙,但是没人因此高兴”

当然,如果你直接去给观众上哲学课,观众肯定呼呼大睡,不睡的那部分也不一定听得懂,更不一定愿意听;你跟观众提马克思,观众(尤其西方观众)就犹如听到脏字一般先入为主的否定你想说的一切内容。

这就是路易的天才之处:


“一项严肃、优秀的哲学工作,一定能单纯地以笑料写就”

----------------Ludwig Wittgenstein

编辑于 2017-01-15 23:56

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