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When I do e.g. git diff master --name-status I see some lines with the R100 prefix on them.

What does R100 exactly mean?

I would assume R means "moved". I am posting below what I found in the documentation , but nothing in this text says anything about 100 or numbers per se.

--name-status Show only names and status of changed files. See the description of the --diff-filter option on what the status letters mean.

and then

--diff-filter=[(A|C|D|M|R|T|U|X|B)…​[*]] Select only files that are Added (A), Copied (C), Deleted (D), Modified (M), Renamed (R), have their type (i.e. regular file, symlink, submodule, …​) changed (T), are Unmerged (U), are Unknown (X), or have had their pairing Broken (B). Any combination of the filter characters (including none) can be used. When * (All-or-none) is added to the combination, all paths are selected if there is any file that matches other criteria in the comparison; if there is no file that matches other criteria, nothing is selected.

Also, these upper-case letters can be downcased to exclude. E.g. --diff-filter=ad excludes added and deleted paths.

Note that not all diffs can feature all types. For instance, diffs from the index to the working tree can never have Added entries (because the set of paths included in the diff is limited by what is in the index). Similarly, copied and renamed entries cannot appear if detection for those types is disabled.

The documentation for git status under "Changed Tracked Entries" appears to explain what R100 means:

<X><score> The rename or copy score (denoting the percentage of similarity between the source and target of the move or copy). For example "R100" or "C75".

So, putting this together with what you cited above, the files you are seeing with R100 status mean that they were moved, and that Git found a 100% match between that file and some other previously named file.

Here is a link to a good @torek answer, which described the physics of how Git tracks content.

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