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Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2021 Sep 28; 46(9): 925–931.
PMCID: PMC10930181

Language: Chinese | English

结核分枝杆菌抗原Rv2654重组蛋白的表达和纯化及其诱导的免疫应答特征

Expression and purification of Rv2654 recombinant protein from Mycobacterium tuberculosis and its characteristics of immune response

陈 富超

中南大学基础医学院免疫学系, 410078

遵义医科大学基础医学院免疫学教研室, ,贵州 563000

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朱 权

中南大学基础医学院免疫学系, 410078

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余 艳艳

湖南省胸科医院检验科, 410006

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万 康林

中国疾病预防控制中心传染病预防控制所, 102200

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罗 奇志

中南大学基础医学院免疫学系, 410078

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余 平

中南大学基础医学院免疫学系, 中南大学基础医学院免疫学系, 410078

遵义医科大学基础医学院免疫学教研室, ,贵州 563000
湖南省胸科医院检验科, 410006
中国疾病预防控制中心传染病预防控制所, 102200
corresponding author Corresponding author.
罗奇志 ,Email: moc.361@5201zqouL , ORCID: 0000-0003-1868-9363
ELISA 法检测重组蛋白与结核患者血清反应性

取上述纯化的10 µL Rv2654重组蛋白(2.5 µg/µL)作为包被抗原,分别加入100例健康体检者、100例痰培养阳性的TB患者和100例痰培养阴性的其他呼吸道疾病患者血清中,以ELISA间接法检测其反应性抗体,并且用结核抗体诊断试剂盒检测结果作对照,分析重组蛋白的血清反应性。

1.6. 细胞因子磁珠阵列法检测细胞因子的表达

将32只10周龄雄性昆明小鼠按每组8只随机分为4组:Rv2654重组蛋白组、Rv2654重组蛋白+BCG组、BCG组和PBS组。分别以200 µg/mL的Rv2564重组蛋白、200 µg/mL的Rv2564重组蛋白和同样浓度的BCG的1꞉1乳化混合液、200 µg/mL的BCG以及 1 mol/L的PBS各0.25 mL,于第1、8、22、36和50天对相应组的小鼠作皮下多点注射。最后一次注射后第2天摘除小鼠眼球,留取血液于EP管并收集血清。按Th1/Th2细胞因子检测试剂盒说明书的细胞因子磁珠阵列法操作,检测Th1类细胞因子IL-2、IFN-γ、TNF-α和Th2类细胞因子IL-4、IL-6、IL-10的浓度。

1.7. 流式细胞术检测免疫细胞

采血后,以颈椎脱臼法处死小鼠,取其脾脏后,用匀浆器匀浆,过滤获取单细胞悬液。用Hank's液洗涤细胞2次,将洗涤后的细胞悬液缓慢加入小鼠淋巴细胞分离液的液面之上,以2 000 r/min离心20 min,分离并洗涤小鼠脾细胞后,用细胞计数池计数并调整细胞浓度为1×10 6 个/mL。按以下方案染色。

B细胞检测:第1管加入CD19-PE-percp-cy5.5、CD45R-PEcyTM7、CD138-APC-MAB,第2管加入CD19-PE-percp-cy5.5,第3管加入CD45R-PEcyTM7,第4管加入CD138-APC-MAB。

T细胞检测:第1管加入CD3-APC-cy7、CD4-BV510、CD8-FITC、CD62L-PE、CD44-BV421,第2管加入CD3-APC-cy7,第3管加入CD4-BV510,第4管加入CD8-FITC,第5管加入CD62L-PE,第6管加入CD44-BV421。

标记的细胞在FACSCalibur流式细胞仪(Becton Dickinson,San Jose,CA,USA)上进行检测,并使用FlowJov10软件分析数据。

1.8. 统计学处理

采用SPSS 20.0统计软件对数据进行分析,计量资料采用均数±标准差( ± s )表示,两组比较采用 t 检验,多组比较采用单因素方差分析,率的比较采用χ 2 检验,以 P <0.05为差异有统计学意义。

2. 结 果

2.1. 重组蛋白的表达、纯化和鉴定结果

表达的重组Rv2654蛋白经Ni-NTA树脂纯化柱纯化,SDS-PAGE结果显示分离的目的蛋白分子量大约为31 kD( 图1 A)。洗脱液中随着咪唑浓度增加,杂蛋白质逐渐减少,当洗脱液中咪唑浓度为50 mmol/L时可获得纯化的Rv2654重组蛋白。利用临床TB患者血清(稀释度1꞉80)进行蛋白质印迹法分析,结果显示在分子量大约为31 kD的位置有单一特异性条带( 图1 B),进一步证明Rv2654重组蛋白表达成功。

An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc. Object name is ZhongNanDaXueXueBaoYiXueBan-46-9-925-g001.jpg

Rv2654 蛋白的表达与纯化

Figure 1 Expression and purification of Rv2654 protein

A: Rv2654 protein was expressed by E.coli strain, then was purified on a Ni-NTA resin purification column. After elution with imidazole, Rv2654 protein was concentrated and performed SDS-PAGE. 1: Bacterial lysate; 2: Penetration liquid; 3: 20 mmol/L imidazole eluent; 4: 50 mmol/L imidazole eluent; 5-8: 300 mmol/L imidazole eluent; M: Marker. B: Monoclonal antibody with His-tag from mouse (dilution 1꞉ 2 000) was used by Western blotting.

2.2. Rv2654 蛋白可被 TB 患者血清识别

采用Rv2654重组蛋白以及结核抗体检测试剂盒对临床血清样本进行检测,结果显示:活动性TB患者、非结核性呼吸道疾病患者、健康体检者血清Rv2654重组蛋白反应性抗体阳性检出率分别为72%,39%,31%,而采用结核抗体检测试剂盒的检出率为77%,33%,34%( 表1 )。提示Rv2654重组蛋白和结核抗体检测试剂盒都能结合BCG接种过的个体(所有人群)或活动性肺结核患者血清中的反应性抗体,对这些个体中的反应性抗体有一定的诊断作用;且Rv2654对活动性肺结核患者的抗体检出率与试剂盒的检出率差异无统计学意义( P >0.05)。

表1

不同检测对象血清中反应性抗体的检测结果

Table 1 Test results of reactive antibodies in serum of different samples

检测对象 检测方法 检测结果
+ - 阳性率/%
健康体检者 试剂盒ELISA 34 66 34
Rv2654-ELISA 31 69 31*
非TB呼吸道疾病 患者 试剂盒ELISA 33 67 33
Rv2654-ELISA 39 61 39*
TB患者 试剂盒ELISA 77 23 77
Rv2654-ELISA 72 28 72*

与试剂盒ELISA阳性率比较,* P >0.05,Rv2654-ELISA指以Rv2654为包被抗原的ELISA。

2.3. Rv2654 蛋白诱导小鼠的 Th1 Th2 免疫应答

采用CBA法检测小鼠血清细胞因子水平,发现Rv2654联合BCG刺激小鼠后可促进IFN-γ、TNF-α、IL-2分泌,同时还使IL-4、IL-6和IL-10表达水平升高。Rv2654重组蛋白单独使用或联合BCG均显著促进IL-4、IL-6和IL-10的表达(均 P <0.05, 图2 )。

细胞因子磁珠阵列法检测小鼠外周血中的细胞因子

Figure 2 Detection of cytokines in the peripheral blood of mice by cytokine magnetic bead arrays * P <0.05, ** P <0.01, *** P <0.001.

2.4. Rv2654 蛋白增加小鼠记忆 T 细胞、记忆 B 细胞 及浆细胞的比例

Rv2654蛋白联合BCG可显著刺激CD4 + T细胞和CD8 + T细胞分化成效应T细胞,单独注射Rv2654蛋白也能诱导较多的CD4 + T细胞和CD8 + T细胞转化成记忆T细胞,但刺激效果不如Rv2654重组蛋白联合BCG(60.4% vs 38.2%,51.9% vs 9.97%,均 P <0.05; 图3 A)。

流式细胞术检测小鼠体内淋巴细胞亚群分布特征

Figure 3 Distribution of lymphocyte subsets in mice detected by flow cytometry

A: T cell tubes were stained with CD3-APC-cy7, CD4-BV510, CD8-FITC, CD62L-PE, and CD44-BV421 monoclonal antibodies. B cell tubes were stained with CD19-PE-percp-cy5.5, CD45R-PEcyTM7, and CD138-APC-MAB monoclonal antibodies. CD3 + CD4 + CD8 - CD62L - subpopulations increase in all 3 groups except PBS. Rv2654 protein combined with BCG group is particularly obvious. Rv2654 protein combined with BCG can significantly stimulate CD4 + T and CD8 + T cells to differentiate into effector and memory T cells. B: There is a significant increase in the number of B cells in the Rv2654 group, the BCG group, and the Rv2654+BCG group (all CD19 + cells).

无论是单独注射Rv2654蛋白、BCG还是Rv2654蛋白+BCG均可显著诱导CD19 + CD45R + CD138 - 的B细胞数量明显增多,Rv2654重组蛋白组和BCG组的结果差异无统计学意义( P >0.05),两组的CD19 + CD45R + CD138 - B细胞数量都低于Rv2654+BCG组,但高于PBS组( 图3 B)。

3. 讨 论

由于BCG缺失了一段 M.tb 基因组序列以及耐药 M.tb 的不断增加,因此造成了BCG预防效果不断降低 [ 10 ] 的局面;H37Rv标准菌株的RD13区域编码的Rv2654蛋白是众多受到关注的结核候选疫苗蛋白中的一员。本研究利用纯化重组蛋白作蛋白质印迹时发现:1꞉2 000稀释的抗His标签鼠IgG单抗能很好地结合Rv2654重组蛋白,加入羊抗鼠IgG后可看到特征性的分子量31 kD的蛋白条带,表明目的蛋白成功表达。以此重组蛋白为包被抗原的ELISA法结果进一步证实了Rv2654重组蛋白的这一特性。我们认为,Rv2654重组蛋白之所以能与部分健康体检者血清和非结核性呼吸道疾病患者血清结合,是因为这些个体大多数都接种过BCG,尽管Rv2654基因是BCG的缺失基因,其编码产物仍然可能与BCG存在共同抗原而引起交叉反应。一些新研发的TB诊断性疫苗之所以没被推广应用的一个原因就是疫苗与受检者血清反应性较差,从此角度看,Rv2654蛋白可作为筛选诊断类疫苗的参考标志分子。

Rv2654蛋白免疫小鼠后,被检测的细胞因子表达均出现了不同程度的上调,可能是由于IFN-γ、TNF-α和IL-2属于Th1类细胞因子,与IL-4、IL-6、IL-10等Th2类细胞因子之间是相互抑制的。我们推测重组蛋白同时诱导了Th1和Th2类免疫应答,但在细胞因子水平还未出现应答的倾向性。 M.tb 属于胞内寄生菌,细胞免疫对抗 M.tb 感染具有十分重要的作用 [ 10 ] 。IFN-γ可上调节NK细胞和CD8 + T细胞的活性,因此Rv2654蛋白促进IFN-γ分泌导致细胞免疫应答效应增强。Rv2654蛋白还有效提高TNF-α和IL-2的表达,其中TNF-α可促进CD4 + Th0细胞向CD4 + Th1细胞亚群分化 [ 11 - 12 ] ,后者可介导细胞免疫,提高CD8 + T细胞和NK细胞的抗结核效应。本研究观察到Rv2654蛋白可增加IL-4、IL-6和IL-10细胞因子的表达水平,这些细胞因子主要由CD4 + Th2细胞分泌,可介导体液免疫应答,但它们介导的体液免疫对机体的保护效果还有待研究。IL-6可抑制巨噬细胞活性 [ 13 - 15 ] ,IL-10可降低IL-2的分泌而抑制巨噬细胞,使 M.tb 得以在巨噬细胞内寄生 [ 16 ] 。Rv2654蛋白能同时诱导Th1型和Th2型细胞因子表达,表明其对机体免疫系统的作用可能很复杂。本研究发现Rv2654诱导的Th2型细胞因子主要以IL-6为主,IL-6在胞内病原体感染中有其独特的特点,既能诱导Th2型免疫应答,又能促进胞内病原体产生免疫逃逸,Th2类细胞因子水平的升高可能是疫苗注射后的应激性增高。

流式细胞术检测进一步发现Rv2654蛋白联合BCG时可显著刺激CD4 + T细胞和CD8 + T细胞分化成效应T细胞和记忆性T细胞。CD62L分子主要表达于初始CD4 + T或CD8 + T细胞,消失可作为CD4 + T或CD8 + T细胞活化的表面标志之一;CD44则主要表达于记忆性的CD4 + 或CD8 + T细胞。Rv2654蛋白单独或联合BCG刺激后的小鼠CD44 + CD62L - T细胞数量和比例明显增多,提示这群细胞是主要的记忆性T细胞,同时也参与T淋巴细胞的归巢 [ 17 ] 。Rv2654蛋白刺激后能迅速动员CD4 + T细胞,说明Rv2654蛋白有较强的免疫原性,CD8 + T细胞亚群的变化情况与CD4 + T相似,但由于CD8 + T细胞的数量较少,因此变化趋势不如CD4 + T细胞显著。在对B细胞亚群的分析中,本研究选择B细胞的共同标志物CD19、CD45R和CD138,由于CD45R表达于除浆细胞外的绝大多数B细胞 [ 18 ] ,而CD138是浆细胞特征性标志 [ 19 ] ,在实验中注射Rv2654蛋白或联合BCG处理后CD19 + CD45R + CD138 - 的B细胞数量明显增多,CD19 + CD45R + CD138 + 的B细胞比例却非常低,从该结果推测在免疫应答的效应期,诱导B细胞分化成浆细胞产生抗体的能力相对较弱,因此浆细胞数量较少。

综上所述,本研究初步探讨了Rv2654蛋白免疫小鼠产生免疫应答的特点,发现Rv2654蛋白有良好的免疫原性和抗原性,其诱导的免疫应答以细胞免疫应答为主,对活动性肺结核患者外周血的良好反应性提示Rv2654蛋白有望成为研发新型结核疫苗的候选抗原。Rv2654蛋白诱导的体液免疫应答发挥的究竟是抗 M.tb 感染作用还是免疫逃逸作用,尚需进一步研究。

基金资助

国家“十二五”科技重大专项基金(2012ZX10005010-003);湖南省自然科学基金(2020JJ4768)。

This work was supported by the National Science and Technology Major Special Projects during the 12th Five-Year Plan Period (2012ZX10005010-003) and the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (2020JJ4768), China.

利益冲突声明

作者声称无任何利益冲突。

原文网址

http://xbyxb.csu.edu.cn/xbwk/fileup/PDF/202109925.pdf

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