记一次Qt 5.15源码编译

武威的涛娃

有对象的程序员

前言

最近开发项目，遇到Qt的bug，QAccessibleWidget 模块内部崩溃。

已经提到了官方BugReport，但不知道猴年马月才能被修复。

为了不耽误项目，需要本地修改Qt源码并自行编译。

这里顺便记录一下，仅供参考。

环境

系统：Windows 10 专业版 64位

编译器：visual studio 2019

版本管理：git、小乌龟 tortoiseGit

其它环境的请自行探索。

（另外假设读者有基本的 git 或者小乌龟使用经验，这一块本文不过多说明）

目标

windows

Qt5.15.2 -msvc2019-64位

依赖软件

编译Qt源码，除了编译器，还有几个必备的依赖软件：

红宝石 ruby

大蟒蛇 python

骆驼 perl

都从官网下载安装包，选比较新的64位，最好是 LTS，安装即可。

安装过程基本都是点“下一步”，有"自动添加到系统环境变量"的选项，就选上，除此之外没有过多的配置。

有一点注意一下，安装路径不要有中文或空格，特别是

"C:\Program Files" 或者"C:\Program Files (x86)" 这种路径，在后面编译的时候，会被空格截断，导致编译失败。还得回头来重新安装到无空格的路径。

安装成功的标志，是打开cmd命令行，分别输入perl、ruby、python，都能够看到对应的程序输出，比如我的：

python 这里我安装的3.9版本，比较聒噪，不过是正常的。

Qt源码

Qt源码可以直接从下载页面获取，也可以在github的仓库中获取。

Qt官方网站下载页：

腾讯镜像下载页：

下载页面：

我下载了qt-everywhere-src-5.15.2.zip文件，但是在编译的时候，qtdeclarative模块缺少依赖，没包含在里面。试了几次，都不行，依赖库又不好找。。。

换个方式吧，从github仓库拿代码

这个仓库是从qt5开始的汇总模块，也包含了qt6的代码。

使用git clone 或者小乌龟把代码拿下来。

这个是汇总仓库，本身没什么代码的，应该很快就能下载下来。

我这里为了方便，就下载到了"F:\qt\qt5"路径。

下载完成后，使用小乌龟的右键菜单log指令，找到tag界面，切换到tag 5.15.2

此时的各个子文件夹都是空的，需要更新子模块。

通过右键菜单，找到小乌龟的submodule update操作，子模块更新界面。

在子模块更新界面，选中需要的模块，带上递归选项，然后就开始更新了：

注意看log输出，如果有哪个子模块更新失败了，把对应的文件夹内.git文件删掉，重新更新。

（如果下载速度慢或者网络不通，挂梯子或者找镜像网站吧。。。）

编译

首先在仓库上一层目录，新建一个bat脚本文件

脚本内容如下:

@echo off call "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvars64.bat" pushd qt5 configure -prefix F:\qt\qt5\install -opensource -confirm-license -qt-sqlite -qt-pcre -qt-zlib -qt-libpng -qt-libjpeg -qt-freetype -qt-harfbuzz -opengl dynamic -skip qtwebengine -nomake tests -nomake examples -mp -release -optimize-size -strip

这里说明一下：

call "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvars64.bat"

这一句是用来引用vs编译器的相关环境变量的，路径需要跟你实际的安装路径对应。

然后就是configure命令了，可以通过 configure -h查看详细的使用说明。

这里贴一个全的文本：

+ cd qtbase + F:\qt\qt5\qtbase\configure.bat -top-level -h Usage: configure [options] [assignments] Configure understands variable assignments like VAR=value on the command line. Each uppercased library name (obtainable with -list-libraries) supports the suffixes _INCDIR, _LIBDIR, _PREFIX (INCDIR=PREFIX/include, LIBDIR=PREFIX/lib), _LIBS, and - on Windows and Darwin - _LIBS_DEBUG and _LIBS_RELEASE. E.g., ICU_PREFIX=/opt/icu42 ICU_LIBS="-licui18n -licuuc -licudata". It is also possible to manipulate any QMAKE_* variable, to amend the values from the mkspec for the build of Qt itself, e.g., QMAKE_CXXFLAGS+=-g3. Note that the *_LIBS* and QMAKE_* assignments manipulate lists, so items containing meta characters (spaces in particular) need to be quoted according to qmake rules. On top of that, the assignments as a whole need to be quoted according to shell rules. It is recommended to use single quotes for the inner quoting and double quotes for the outer quoting. Top-level installation directories: -prefix <dir> ...... The deployment directory, as seen on the target device. [/usr/local/Qt-$QT_VERSION; qtbase build directory if -developer-build] -extprefix <dir> ... The installation directory, as seen on the host machine. [SYSROOT/PREFIX] -hostprefix [dir] .. The installation directory for build tools running on the host machine. If [dir] is not given, the current build directory will be used. [EXTPREFIX] -external-hostbindir <path> ... Path to Qt tools built for this machine. Use this when -platform does not match the current system, i.e., to make a Canadian Cross Build. Fine tuning of installation directory layout. Note that all directories except -sysconfdir should be located under -prefix/-hostprefix: -bindir <dir> ......... Executables [PREFIX/bin] -headerdir <dir> ...... Header files [PREFIX/include] -libdir <dir> ......... Libraries [PREFIX/lib] -archdatadir <dir> .... Arch-dependent data [PREFIX] -plugindir <dir> ...... Plugins [ARCHDATADIR/plugins] -libexecdir <dir> ..... Helper programs [ARCHDATADIR/bin on Windows, ARCHDATADIR/libexec otherwise] -importdir <dir> ...... QML1 imports [ARCHDATADIR/imports] -qmldir <dir> ......... QML2 imports [ARCHDATADIR/qml] -datadir <dir> ........ Arch-independent data [PREFIX] -docdir <dir> ......... Documentation [DATADIR/doc] -translationdir <dir> . Translations [DATADIR/translations] -sysconfdir <dir> ..... Settings used by Qt programs [PREFIX/etc/xdg] -examplesdir <dir> .... Examples [PREFIX/examples] -testsdir <dir> ....... Tests [PREFIX/tests] -hostbindir <dir> ..... Host executables [HOSTPREFIX/bin] -hostlibdir <dir> ..... Host libraries [HOSTPREFIX/lib] -hostdatadir <dir> .... Data used by qmake [HOSTPREFIX] Conventions for the remaining options: When an option's description is followed by a list of values in brackets, the interpretation is as follows: 'yes' represents the bare option; all other values are possible prefixes to the option, e.g., -no-gui. Alternatively, the value can be assigned, e.g., --gui=yes. Values are listed in the order they are tried if not specified; 'auto' is a shorthand for 'yes/no'. Solitary 'yes' and 'no' represent binary options without auto-detection. Configure meta: -help, -h ............ Display this help screen -verbose, -v ......... Print verbose messages during configuration -continue ............ Continue configure despite errors -redo ................ Re-configure with previously used options. Additional options may be passed, but will not be saved for later use by -redo. -recheck [test,...] .. Discard cached negative configure test results. Use this after installing missing dependencies. Alternatively, if tests are specified, only their results are discarded. -recheck-all ......... Discard all cached configure test results. -feature-<feature> ... Enable <feature> -no-feature-<feature> Disable <feature> [none] -list-features ....... List available features. Note that some features have dedicated command line options as well. -list-libraries ...... List possible external dependencies. Build options: -opensource .......... Build the Open-Source Edition of Qt -commercial .......... Build the Commercial Edition of Qt -confirm-license ..... Automatically acknowledge the license -release ............. Build Qt with debugging turned off [yes] -debug ............... Build Qt with debugging turned on [no] -debug-and-release ... Build two versions of Qt, with and without debugging turned on [yes] (Apple and Windows only) -optimize-debug ...... Enable debug-friendly optimizations in debug builds [auto] (Not supported with MSVC or Clang toolchains) -optimize-size ....... Optimize release builds for size instead of speed [no] -optimized-tools ..... Build optimized host tools even in debug build [no] -force-debug-info .... Create symbol files for release builds [no] -separate-debug-info . Split off debug information to separate files [no] -gdb-index ........... Index the debug info to speed up GDB [no; auto if -developer-build with debug info] -strip ............... Strip release binaries of unneeded symbols [yes] -gc-binaries ......... Place each function or data item into its own section and enable linker garbage collection of unused sections. [auto for static builds, otherwise no] -force-asserts ....... Enable Q_ASSERT even in release builds [no] -developer-build ..... Compile and link Qt for developing Qt itself (exports for auto-tests, extra checks, etc.) [no] -shared .............. Build shared Qt libraries [yes] (no for UIKit) -static .............. Build static Qt libraries [no] (yes for UIKit) -framework ........... Build Qt framework bundles [yes] (Apple only) -platform <target> ... Select host mkspec [detected] -xplatform <target> .. Select target mkspec when cross-compiling [PLATFORM] -device <name> ....... Cross-compile for device <name> -device-option <key=value> ... Add option for the device mkspec -appstore-compliant .. Disable code that is not allowed in platform app stores. This is on by default for platforms which require distribution through an app store by default, in particular Android, iOS, tvOS, watchOS, and Universal Windows Platform. [auto] -qtnamespace <name> .. Wrap all Qt library code in 'namespace <name> {...}'. -qtlibinfix <infix> .. Rename all libQt5*.so to libQt5*<infix>.so. -qtlibinfix-plugins .. Rename Qt plugins according to -qtlibinfix [no] -testcocoon .......... Instrument with the TestCocoon code coverage tool [no] -gcov ................ Instrument with the GCov code coverage tool [no] -trace [backend] ..... Enable instrumentation with tracepoints. Currently supported backends are 'etw' (Windows) and 'lttng' (Linux), or 'yes' for auto-detection. [no] -sanitize {address|thread|memory|fuzzer-no-link|undefined} Instrument with the specified compiler sanitizer. Note that some sanitizers cannot be combined; for example, -sanitize address cannot be combined with -sanitize thread. -coverage {trace-pc-guard|source-based} Specify the 'trace-pc-guard' coverage instrumentation for sanitizers or generate instrumented code to collect execution counts and enable code coverage analysis, respectively. (Clang only) -c++std <edition> .... Select C++ standard <edition> [c++2a/c++17/c++14/c++11] (Not supported with MSVC 2015) -sse2 ................ Use SSE2 instructions [auto] -sse3/-ssse3/-sse4.1/-sse4.2/-avx/-avx2/-avx512 Enable use of particular x86 instructions [auto] Enabled ones are still subject to runtime detection. -mips_dsp/-mips_dspr2 Use MIPS DSP/rev2 instructions [auto] -qreal <type> ........ typedef qreal to the specified type. [double] Note: this affects binary compatibility. -R <string> .......... Add an explicit runtime library path to the Qt libraries. Supports paths relative to LIBDIR. -rpath ............... Link Qt libraries and executables using the library install path as a runtime library path. Similar to -R LIBDIR. On Apple platforms, disabling this implies using absolute install names (based in LIBDIR) for dynamic libraries and frameworks. [auto] -reduce-exports ...... Reduce amount of exported symbols [auto] -reduce-relocations .. Reduce amount of relocations [auto] (Unix only) -plugin-manifests .... Embed manifests into plugins [no] (Windows only) -static-runtime ...... With -static, use static runtime [no] (Windows only) -pch ................. Use precompiled headers [auto] -ltcg ................ Use Link Time Code Generation [no] -linker [bfd,gold,lld] Force use of the GNU ld, GNU gold or LLVM/LLD linker instead of default one (GCC only) -incredibuild-xge .... Use the IncrediBuild XGE [no] (Windows only) -ccache .............. Use the ccache compiler cache [no] (Unix only) -make-tool <tool> .... Use <tool> to build qmake [nmake] (Windows only) -mp .................. Use multiple processors for compilation (MSVC only) -warnings-are-errors . Treat warnings as errors [no; yes if -developer-build] -silent .............. Reduce the build output so that warnings and errors can be seen more easily Build environment: -sysroot <dir> ....... Set <dir> as the target sysroot -gcc-sysroot ......... With -sysroot, pass --sysroot to the compiler [yes] -pkg-config .......... Use pkg-config [auto] (Unix only) -D <string> .......... Pass additional preprocessor define -I <string> .......... Pass additional include path -L <string> .......... Pass additional library path -F <string> .......... Pass additional framework path (Apple only) -sdk <sdk> ........... Build Qt using Apple provided SDK <sdk>. The argument should be one of the available SDKs as listed by 'xcodebuild -showsdks'. Note that the argument applies only to Qt libraries and applications built using the target mkspec - not host tools such as qmake, moc, rcc, etc. -android-sdk path .... Set Android SDK root path [$ANDROID_SDK_ROOT] -android-ndk path .... Set Android NDK root path [$ANDROID_NDK_ROOT] -android-ndk-platform Set Android platform -android-ndk-host .... Set Android NDK host (linux-x86, linux-x86_64, etc.) [$ANDROID_NDK_HOST] -android-abis ....... Comma separated Android abis, default is: armeabi-v7a,arm64-v8a,x86,x86_64 -android-javac-target Set the javac build target version [7] -android-javac-source Set the javac build source version [7] -android-style-assets Automatically extract style assets from the device at run time. This option makes the Android style behave correctly, but also makes the Android platform plugin incompatible with the LGPL2.1. [yes] Component selection: -skip <repo> ......... Exclude an entire repository from the build. -make <part> ......... Add <part> to the list of parts to be built. Specifying this option clears the default list first. [libs and examples, also tools if not cross-building, also tests if -developer-build] -nomake <part> ....... Exclude <part> from the list of parts to be built. -compile-examples .... When unset, install only the sources of examples [no on WebAssembly, otherwise yes] -gui ................. Build the Qt GUI module and dependencies [yes] -widgets ............. Build the Qt Widgets module and dependencies [yes] -no-dbus ............. Do not build the Qt D-Bus module [default on Android and Windows] -dbus-linked ......... Build Qt D-Bus and link to libdbus-1 [auto] -dbus-runtime ........ Build Qt D-Bus and dynamically load libdbus-1 [no] -accessibility ....... Enable accessibility support [yes] Note: Disabling accessibility is not recommended. Qt comes with bundled copies of some 3rd party libraries. These are used by default if auto-detection of the respective system library fails. Core options: -doubleconversion .... Select used double conversion library [system/qt/no] No implies use of sscanf_l and snprintf_l (imprecise). -glib ................ Enable Glib support [no; auto on Unix] -eventfd ............. Enable eventfd support -inotify ............. Enable inotify support -iconv ............... Enable iconv(3) support [posix/sun/gnu/no] (Unix only) -icu ................. Enable ICU support [auto] -pcre ................ Select used libpcre2 [system/qt/no] -pps ................. Enable PPS support [auto] (QNX only) -zlib ................ Select used zlib [system/qt] Logging backends: -journald .......... Enable journald support [no] (Unix only) -syslog ............ Enable syslog support [no] (Unix only) -slog2 ............. Enable slog2 support [auto] (QNX only) Network options: -ssl ................. Enable either SSL support method [auto] -no-openssl .......... Do not use OpenSSL [default on Apple and WinRT] -openssl-linked ...... Use OpenSSL and link to libssl [no] -openssl-runtime ..... Use OpenSSL and dynamically load libssl [auto] -schannel ............ Use Secure Channel [no] (Windows only) -securetransport ..... Use SecureTransport [auto] (Apple only) -sctp ................ Enable SCTP support [no] -libproxy ............ Enable use of libproxy [no] -system-proxies ...... Use system network proxies by default [yes] Gui, printing, widget options: -cups ................ Enable CUPS support [auto] (Unix only) -fontconfig .......... Enable Fontconfig support [auto] (Unix only) -freetype ............ Select used FreeType [system/qt/no] -harfbuzz ............ Select used HarfBuzz-NG [system/qt/no] (Not auto-detected on Apple and Windows) -gtk ................. Enable GTK platform theme support [auto] -lgmon ............... Enable lgmon support [auto] (QNX only) -no-opengl ........... Disable OpenGL support -opengl <api> ........ Enable OpenGL support. Supported APIs: es2 (default on Windows), desktop (default on Unix), dynamic (Windows only) -opengles3 ........... Enable OpenGL ES 3.x support instead of ES 2.x [auto] -egl ................. Enable EGL support [auto] -angle ............... Use bundled ANGLE to support OpenGL ES 2.0 [auto] (Windows only) -combined-angle-lib .. Merge LibEGL and LibGLESv2 into LibANGLE (Windows only) -qpa <name> .......... Select default QPA backend(s) (e.g., xcb, cocoa, windows) A prioritized list separated by semi-colons. -xcb-xlib............. Enable Xcb-Xlib support [auto] Platform backends: -direct2d .......... Enable Direct2D support [auto] (Windows only) -directfb .......... Enable DirectFB support [no] (Unix only) -eglfs ............. Enable EGLFS support [auto; no on Android and Windows] -gbm ............... Enable backends for GBM [auto] (Linux only) -kms ............... Enable backends for KMS [auto] (Linux only) -linuxfb ........... Enable Linux Framebuffer support [auto] (Linux only) -xcb ............... Enable X11 support [auto] (Linux only) Input backends: -libudev............ Enable udev support [auto] -evdev ............. Enable evdev support [auto] -imf ............... Enable IMF support [auto] (QNX only) -libinput .......... Enable libinput support [auto] -mtdev ............. Enable mtdev support [auto] -tslib ............. Enable tslib support [auto] -bundled-xcb-xinput Use bundled XInput2 support [auto] -xkbcommon ......... Enable key mapping support [auto] Image formats: -gif ............... Enable reading support for GIF [auto] -ico ............... Enable support for ICO [yes] -libpng ............ Select used libpng [system/qt/no] -libjpeg ........... Select used libjpeg [system/qt/no] Database options: -sql-<driver> ........ Enable SQL <driver> plugin. Supported drivers: db2 ibase mysql oci odbc psql sqlite2 sqlite tds [all auto] -sqlite .............. Select used sqlite3 [system/qt] Further image format options: -jasper .............. Enable JPEG-2000 support using the JasPer library [no] -mng ................. Enable MNG support [no] -tiff ................ Enable TIFF support [system/qt/no] -webp ................ Enable WEBP support [system/qt/no] Multimedia options: -pulseaudio .......... Enable PulseAudio support [auto] (Unix only)