我们首先导入 Tkinter 模型，接着，我们创建主窗口，在这个窗口中，我们将要执行操作并显示一切视觉效果，接下来我们添加 Widgets，最后我们进入 Main Event Loop
这里有 2 个重要的关键字
Widgets
Main Event Loop
事件循环基本上是告诉代码继续显示窗口，直到我们手动关闭它,是在后台无限循环运行的
对于 Widgets 我们后面单独学习
下面一个代码例子，来深入理解下
import tkinter
window = tkinter.Tk()
# to rename the title of the window window.title("GUI")
# pack is used to show the object in the window
label = tkinter.Label(window, text = "Hello World!").pack()
window.mainloop()
import tkinter
window = tkinter.Tk()
window.title("GUI")
# creating 2 frames TOP and BOTTOM
top_frame = tkinter.Frame(window).pack()
bottom_frame = tkinter.Frame(window).pack(side = "bottom")
# now, create some widgets in the top_frame and bottom_frame
btn1 = tkinter.Button(top_frame, text = "Button1", fg = "red").pack()# 'fg - foreground' is used to color the contents
btn2 = tkinter.Button(top_frame, text = "Button2", fg = "green").pack()# 'text' is used to write the text on the Button
btn3 = tkinter.Button(bottom_frame, text = "Button2", fg = "purple").pack(side = "left")# 'side' is used to align the widgets
btn4 = tkinter.Button(bottom_frame, text = "Button2", fg = "orange").pack(side = "left")
window.mainloop()
再来看一个登录的小栗子
import tkinter
window = tkinter.Tk()
window.title("GUI")
# creating 2 text labels and input labels
tkinter.Label(window, text = "Username").grid(row = 0) # this is placed in 0 0
# 'Entry' is used to display the input-field
tkinter.Entry(window).grid(row = 0, column = 1) # this is placed in 0 1
tkinter.Label(window, text = "Password").grid(row = 1) # this is placed in 1 0
tkinter.Entry(window).grid(row = 1, column = 1) # this is placed in 1 1
# 'Checkbutton' is used to create the check buttons
tkinter.Checkbutton(window, text = "Keep Me Logged In").grid(columnspan = 2) # 'columnspan' tells to take the width of 2 columns
# you can also use 'rowspan' in the similar manner
window.mainloop()
下面我们来了解 binding 函数
binding 函数
每当事件发生时调用函数就是绑定函数
在下面的示例中，当单击按钮时，它会调用一个名为 say_hi 的函数。 函数 say_hi 会创建一个带有文本 Hi 的新标签
import tkinter
window = tkinter.Tk()
window.title("GUI")
# creating a function called say_hi()
def say_hi():
tkinter.Label(window, text = "Hi").pack()
tkinter.Button(window, text = "Click Me!", command = say_hi).pack() # 'command' is executed when you click the button
# in this above case we're calling the function 'say_hi'.
window.mainloop()
另一种绑定函数的方法是使用事件，事件类似于鼠标移动、鼠标悬停、单击和滚动等等
import tkinter
window = tkinter.Tk()
window.title("GUI")
# creating a function with an arguments 'event'
def say_hi(event): # you can rename 'event' to anything you want
tkinter.Label(window, text = "Hi").pack()
btn = tkinter.Button(window, text = "Click Me!")
btn.bind("Button-1", say_hi) # 'bind' takes 2 parameters 1st is 'event' 2nd is 'function'
btn.pack()
window.mainloop()
import tkinter
window = tkinter.Tk()
window.title("GUI")
#creating 3 different functions for 3 events
def left_click(event):
tkinter.Label(window, text = "Left Click!").pack()
def middle_click(event):
tkinter.Label(window, text = "Middle Click!").pack()
def right_click(event):
tkinter.Label(window, text = "Right Click!").pack()
window.bind("Button-1", left_click)
window.bind("Button-2", middle_click)
window.bind("Button-3", right_click)
window.mainloop()
Images 和 Icons
我们可以使用 PhotoImage 方法添加图像和图标
import tkinter
window = tkinter.Tk()
window.title("GUI")
# taking image from the directory and storing the source in a variable
icon = tkinter.PhotoImage(file = "4.PNG")
# displaying the picture using a 'Label' by passing the 'picture' variriable to 'image' parameter
label = tkinter.Label(window, image = icon)
label.pack()
window.mainloop()
好了，进步的 Tkinter 知识我们都梳理完毕了，下面就完成一个简单的实战项目吧
计算器 APP
首先初始化页面
window = Tk()
window.geometry("350x380")
window.resizable(0, 0) # this prevents from resizing the window
window.title("小小计算器")
