版权声明：本文为博主原创文章，转载请注明源地址。 https://blog.csdn.net/10km/article/details/78913746

我们知道java中执行控制台命令，都是通过 Runtime.exec 系列方法。 如果要执行root权限的命令需要用到sudo,需要输入sudo密码,这个也好解决,使用echo可以向sudo输入密码，同时sudo要加-S参数指定从标准输入读取密码，示例如下：

echo ‘sudopassword’ | sudo -S cat /etc/profile

但是在java中通过 Runtime.exec 方法执行上面的命令，还是会无效。错误提示可能是。

sudo：抱歉，您必须拥有一个终端来执行 sudo sudo: sorry, you must have a tty to run sudo sudo：没有终端存在，且未指定 askpass 程序 sudo: no tty present and no askpass program specified

解决这个问题需要修改/etc/sudoers

# 给 sudoers 增加写权限
sudo chmod +w /etc/sudoers
# 编辑 sudoers
vi /etc/sudoers

找到 Defaults requiretty 改为 Defaults !requiretty 或者直接注释掉 #Defaults requiretty 找到 Defaults !visiblepw 改为 Defaults visiblepw 或者增一行 Defaults visiblepw

修改后 wq 保存，记得要 sudo chmod -w /etc/sudoers 删除写权限

为了简化sudo命令的执行，我封装一了个CmdExceuor类,允许执行多条命令。

代码仓库地址： https://gitee.com/l0km/common-java/blob/master/common-base/src/main/java/net/gdface/utils/CmdExecutor.java

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.LineNumberReader;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.logging.Logger;
 * linux命令行执行器
 * @author guyadong
public class CmdExecutor{
    private static final Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(CmdExecutor.class.getSimpleName());
    private static final String SUDO_CMD = "sudo";
    private static final String SHELL_NAME = "/bin/bash";
    private static final String SHELL_PARAM = "-c";
    private static final String REDIRECT = "2>&1";
    /** 执行 sudo 的密码 */
    private final String sudoPassword;
    /** 是否显示命令内容及输出 */
    private boolean verbose=true;
    /** 是否错误输出重定向 */
    private boolean errRedirect = true;
    /** 是否同步，主线程是否等待命令执行结束 */
    private boolean sync = true;
    /** 执行多条命令时的命令分隔符 */
    private String cmdSeparator = " && ";
    private List<String> cmds = new ArrayList<String>(16);
    public static CmdExecutor builder(){
        return new CmdExecutor();
    public static CmdExecutor builder(String sudoPasword){
        return new CmdExecutor(sudoPasword);
    protected CmdExecutor(){
        this(null);
    protected CmdExecutor(String sudoPasword){
        this.sudoPassword = sudoPasword;
    public CmdExecutor verbose(boolean verbose){
        this.verbose = verbose;
        return this;
    public CmdExecutor errRedirect(boolean errRedirect){
        this.errRedirect = errRedirect;
        return this;
    public CmdExecutor sync(boolean sync){
        this.sync = sync;
        return this;
    public CmdExecutor cmdSeparator(String cmdSeparator){
        if(null != cmdSeparator && !cmdSeparator.isEmpty()){
            this.cmdSeparator = cmdSeparator;
        return this;
    private String getRedirect(){
        return errRedirect ? REDIRECT : "";
     * 添加一条需要sudo执行的命令
     * @param cmd 要执行的命令(字符串中不需要有sudo)
     * @return
    public CmdExecutor sudoCmd(String cmd){
        if(null != cmd && 0 != cmd.length()){
            if(null == sudoPassword){
                cmds.add(String.format("%s %s %s",SUDO_CMD,cmd,getRedirect()));                 
            }else{
                cmds.add(String.format("echo '%s' | %s %s %s",sudoPassword,SUDO_CMD,cmd,getRedirect()));
        return this;
     * 添加一条普通命令
     * @param cmd
     * @return
    public CmdExecutor cmd(String cmd){
        if(null != cmd && 0 != cmd.length()){
            cmds.add(String.format("%s %s",cmd,getRedirect()));                 
        return this;
    private List<String> build(){
        return cmds.isEmpty()
                ? Collections.<String>emptyList()
                : Arrays.asList(SHELL_NAME,SHELL_PARAM,join(cmds,cmdSeparator));
    private static String join(List<String> strs,String separator) {
        StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer();
        for(int i=0;i<strs.size();++i){
            if(i>0){
                buffer.append(separator);
            buffer.append(strs.get(i));
        return buffer.toString();
     * 将{@link InputStream}中所有内容输出到{@link StringBuffer}
     * @param in
     * @return
     * @throws IOException
    private static void toBuffer(InputStream in,StringBuffer buffer) throws IOException{
        if(null == in || null == buffer){
            return ;
        InputStreamReader ir = new InputStreamReader(in);
        LineNumberReader input = new LineNumberReader(ir);
            String line;
            while ((line = input.readLine()) != null) {
                buffer.append(line).append("\n");
        }finally{
            input.close();
     * 调用{@link Runtime#exec(String[])}执行命令 
     * @return 返回输出结果 
    public String exec() throws IOException{
        StringBuffer outBuffer = new StringBuffer();
        exec(outBuffer,null);
        return outBuffer.toString();
     * 调用{@link Runtime#exec(String[])}执行命令 
     * @param outBuffer 标准输出
     * @param errBuffer 错误信息输出
     * @throws IOException
    public void exec(StringBuffer outBuffer,StringBuffer errBuffer) throws IOException{
        List<String> cmdlist = build();
        if(!cmdlist.isEmpty()){
            if(verbose){
                logger.info(join(cmdlist," "));
            Process process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(cmdlist.toArray(new String[cmdlist.size()]));
            if(sync){
                try {
                    process.waitFor();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            toBuffer(process.getInputStream(),outBuffer);
            toBuffer(process.getErrorStream(),errBuffer);
}

使用示例如下：

import static org.junit.Assert.*;
public class CmdExecutorTest {
    @Test
    public void test() {
        try {
            // 创建一个CmdExecutor实例，通过sudoCmd或cmd添加要执行的命令，最后调用exec执行。
            String out = CmdExecutor.builder("sudopassword")
            .errRedirect(false)
            .sudoCmd("date -s '2016-12-27 23:23:23'")// 修改系统时间
            .sudoCmd("clock -w")
            .sudoCmd("cat /etc/sysconfig/network")
            .cmd("date")
            .sudoCmd("ntpdate -u time.windows.com")// 系统时间同步
            .exec();
            System.out.println(out);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();