What is the difference between @() and @{} in Powershell and when to use one over another?

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I was going through some examples in powershell and see the usage of both @() and @{}. Doing a quick google search on the difference tells me that one is an array and another is hashtable.

Could you share some real-life examples where say I would like to build a hashtable and not an array? And pros/cons of one over another? Thanks in advance for your inputs!

An array is simply a list of values whereas a hashtable is a collection of key/value pairs.

Here are some examples:

Array

$i = @(1,2,3,4,5)
Hashtable
[hashtable]$i = @{ Number = 1; Shape = "Square"; Color = "Blue"}
                Nice, but worth mentioning that @(...) isn't needed for array literals (and in older PS versions even creates unnecessary overhead) - $i = 1,2,3,4,5 will do. @(...)'s primary purpose is to ensure that a command's output is treated as an array.
– mklement0
                Jan 15 '20 at 15:16
Main advantage is synchronization.
In many situations, hash tables turn out to be more efficient than search trees or any other table lookup structure. For this reason, they are widely used in many kinds of computer softwares, particularly for associative arrays, database indexing, caches and sets.
Disadvantages of hash table
Hash collisions are practically unavoidable. when hashing a random subset of a large set of possible keys.
Hash tables become quite inefficient when there are many collisions.
Hash table does not allow null values, like hash map.
Advantages of array
Type safe. Collects same type of data.
Can be accessed by indexes.
useful for storing less no of values.
Disadvantages of array
Fixed size.
Memory wastage. Not useful when dealing with large set of values.
                You can have different types in the same array.  Get-childitem output is an example (files and directories).
– js2010
                Jan 15 '20 at 16:04
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