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There is a newer "sysfs thermal zone" API (see also LWN article and Linux kernel doc ) showing temperatures under e.g.

/sys/class/thermal/thermal_zone0/temp
Readings are in thousandths of degrees Celcius (although in older kernels, it may have just been degrees C).
I recently implemented this in psutil for Linux only.
>>> import psutil
>>> psutil.sensors_temperatures()
{'acpitz': [shwtemp(label='', current=47.0, high=103.0, critical=103.0)],
 'asus': [shwtemp(label='', current=47.0, high=None, critical=None)],
 'coretemp': [shwtemp(label='Physical id 0', current=52.0, high=100.0, critical=100.0),
              shwtemp(label='Core 0', current=45.0, high=100.0, critical=100.0),
              shwtemp(label='Core 1', current=52.0, high=100.0, critical=100.0),
              shwtemp(label='Core 2', current=45.0, high=100.0, critical=100.0),
              shwtemp(label='Core 3', current=47.0, high=100.0, critical=100.0)]}
If your Linux supports ACPI, reading pseudo-file /proc/acpi/thermal_zone/THM0/temperature (the path may differ, I know it's /proc/acpi/thermal_zone/THRM/temperature in some systems) should do it.  But I don't think there's a way that works in every Linux system in the world, so you'll have to be more specific about exactly what Linux you have!-)
Reading files in /sys/class/hwmon/hwmon*/temp1_* worked for me but AFAIK there are no standards for doing this cleanly.
Anyway, you can try this and make sure it provides the same number of CPUs shown by "sensors" cmdline utility, in which case you can assume it's reliable.
from __future__ import division
import os
from collections import namedtuple
_nt_cpu_temp = namedtuple('cputemp', 'name temp max critical')
def get_cpu_temp(fahrenheit=False):
    """Return temperatures expressed in Celsius for each physical CPU
    installed on the system as a list of namedtuples as in:
    >>> get_cpu_temp()
    [cputemp(name='atk0110', temp=32.0, max=60.0, critical=95.0)]
    # http://www.mjmwired.net/kernel/Documentation/hwmon/sysfs-interface
    cat = lambda file: open(file, 'r').read().strip()
    base = '/sys/class/hwmon/'
    ls = sorted(os.listdir(base))
    assert ls, "%r is empty" % base
    ret = []
    for hwmon in ls:
        hwmon = os.path.join(base, hwmon)
        label = cat(os.path.join(hwmon, 'temp1_label'))
        assert 'cpu temp' in label.lower(), label
        name = cat(os.path.join(hwmon, 'name'))
        temp = int(cat(os.path.join(hwmon, 'temp1_input'))) / 1000
        max_ = int(cat(os.path.join(hwmon, 'temp1_max'))) / 1000
        crit = int(cat(os.path.join(hwmon, 'temp1_crit'))) / 1000
        digits = (temp, max_, crit)
        if fahrenheit:
            digits = [(x * 1.8) + 32 for x in digits]
        ret.append(_nt_cpu_temp(name, *digits))
    return ret
                py-cputemp is basically a thin veneer over /proc/acpi/thermal_zone.  This originally didn't work for me until I realized that I needed to enable ACPI in my BIOS.  I had disabled it because I figured I didn't want power management on a server.  Thanks for the answer; I'm accepting this one because it was posted first and lead me to think about the source of my problem.
– jamieb
                Mar 14, 2010 at 4:06
                I prefer gpiozero from gpiozero import CPUTemperature, LoadAverage  cpu = CPUTemperature() print ("CPU temperature is %s" % cpu.temperature) load = LoadAverage() print ("CPU temperature is %s" % load.load_average)
– Vasif
                May 23, 2019 at 13:58
                I tried the code you provided but first of all the import seems to be  from pyspectator.processor import Cpu and if it's python3 as the warning says the print command should use brackets.. anyway this dont work for me the cpu.load is displayed correctly but the temperature is always None :(
– Lukr
                May 12, 2018 at 1:49
Sysmon works nice. Nicely made, it does much more than measure CPU temperature. It is a command line program, and logs all the data it measured to a file. Also, it is open-source and written in python 2.7. 
Sysmon: https://github.com/calthecoder/sysmon-1.0.1
I would reflect on SDsolar's solving above, modified the code a bit., and now it shows not only one value. Until the while loop you gets continuously the actual value of the CPUs temperature
On linux systems:
Install the pyspectator module:
pip install pyspectator
Put this code into a file 'cpu-temp.py'
#!/usr/bin/env python3
from pyspectator.processor import Cpu
from time import sleep
while True:
    cpu = Cpu(monitoring_latency=1) #changed here
    print (cpu.temperature)
    sleep(1)
Install the acpi module by
sudo apt install acpi
Running acpi -V  should give you a ton of info about your system. Now we just need to get the temperature value via python.
import os
os.system("acpi -V > output.txt")
battery = open("output.txt", "r")
info = battery.readline()
val = info.split()
percent4real = val[3]
percentage = int(percent4real[:-1])
print(percentage)
The percentage variable will give you the temperature.
So, first we take the output of the acpi -V command in a text file and then read it. We need to convert it into an integer since the data is all in String type.
Note: This command does not display CPU temperature when used in WSL
                The approach is good, but you extract the battery percentage - at least on my Ubuntu-system, where the first line of output from acpiis Battery 0: Full, 100%.
– Dr. V
                Jun 12, 2021 at 18:53
                Ah my bad, I confused two questions. I'll change it later with regards to the CPU temperature, thanks for pointing it out
– Luce
                Jun 12, 2021 at 20:32
                Additionally, please make sure to obtain the CPU temperature. It seems that maybe this is the battery temperature, but I'm not sure.
– Dr. V
                Jun 13, 2021 at 17:56
        
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