Directory.GetFiles Method (System.IO) | Microsoft Learn

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Parameters

The relative or absolute path to the directory to search. This string is not case-sensitive.
Returns

Examples

The following example demonstrates how to use the GetFiles method to return file names from a user-specified location. The example is configured to catch all errors common to this method.

   // For Directory::GetFiles and Directory::GetDirectories
// For File::Exists, Directory::Exists
using namespace System;
using namespace System::IO;
using namespace System::Collections;
// Insert logic for processing found files here.
void ProcessFile( String^ path )
   Console::WriteLine( "Processed file '{0}'.", path );
// Process all files in the directory passed in, recurse on any directories 
// that are found, and process the files they contain.
void ProcessDirectory( String^ targetDirectory )
   // Process the list of files found in the directory.
   array<String^>^fileEntries = Directory::GetFiles( targetDirectory );
   IEnumerator^ files = fileEntries->GetEnumerator();
   while ( files->MoveNext() )
      String^ fileName = safe_cast<String^>(files->Current);
      ProcessFile( fileName );
   // Recurse into subdirectories of this directory.
   array<String^>^subdirectoryEntries = Directory::GetDirectories( targetDirectory );
   IEnumerator^ dirs = subdirectoryEntries->GetEnumerator();
   while ( dirs->MoveNext() )
      String^ subdirectory = safe_cast<String^>(dirs->Current);
      ProcessDirectory( subdirectory );
int main( int argc, char *argv[] )
   for ( int i = 1; i < argc; i++ )
      String^ path = gcnew String(argv[ i ]);
      if ( File::Exists( path ) )
         // This path is a file
         ProcessFile( path );
      if ( Directory::Exists( path ) )
         // This path is a directory
         ProcessDirectory( path );
         Console::WriteLine( "{0} is not a valid file or directory.", path );
   
    // For Directory.GetFiles and Directory.GetDirectories
// For File.Exists, Directory.Exists
using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Collections;
public class RecursiveFileProcessor
    public static void Main(string[] args)
        foreach(string path in args)
            if(File.Exists(path))
                // This path is a file
                ProcessFile(path);
            else if(Directory.Exists(path))
                // This path is a directory
                ProcessDirectory(path);
                Console.WriteLine("{0} is not a valid file or directory.", path);
    // Process all files in the directory passed in, recurse on any directories
    // that are found, and process the files they contain.
    public static void ProcessDirectory(string targetDirectory)
        // Process the list of files found in the directory.
        string [] fileEntries = Directory.GetFiles(targetDirectory);
        foreach(string fileName in fileEntries)
            ProcessFile(fileName);
        // Recurse into subdirectories of this directory.
        string [] subdirectoryEntries = Directory.GetDirectories(targetDirectory);
        foreach(string subdirectory in subdirectoryEntries)
            ProcessDirectory(subdirectory);
    // Insert logic for processing found files here.
    public static void ProcessFile(string path)
        Console.WriteLine("Processed file '{0}'.", path);
    
     module RecursiveFileProcessor
open System.IO
// Insert logic for processing found files here.
let processFile path =
    printfn $"Processed file '%s{path}'."
// Process all files in the directory passed in, recurse on any directories
// that are found, and process the files they contain.
let rec processDirectory targetDirectory =
    // Process the list of files found in the directory.
    let fileEntries = Directory.GetFiles targetDirectory
    for fileName in fileEntries do
        processFile fileName
    // Recurse into subdirectories of this directory.
    let subdirectoryEntries = Directory.GetDirectories targetDirectory
    for subdirectory in subdirectoryEntries do
        processDirectory subdirectory
[<EntryPoint>]
let main args =
    for path in args do
        if File.Exists path then
            // This path is a file
            processFile path
        elif Directory.Exists path then
            // This path is a directory
            processDirectory path
            printfn $"{path} is not a valid file or directory."
     
      ' For Directory.GetFiles and Directory.GetDirectories
' For File.Exists, Directory.Exists 
Imports System.IO
Imports System.Collections
Public Class RecursiveFileProcessor
    Public Overloads Shared Sub Main(ByVal args() As String)
        Dim path As String
        For Each path In args
            If File.Exists(path) Then
                ' This path is a file.
                ProcessFile(path)
                If Directory.Exists(path) Then
                    ' This path is a directory.
                    ProcessDirectory(path)
                    Console.WriteLine("{0} is not a valid file or directory.", path)
                End If
            End If
        Next path
    End Sub
    ' Process all files in the directory passed in, recurse on any directories 
    ' that are found, and process the files they contain.
    Public Shared Sub ProcessDirectory(ByVal targetDirectory As String)
        Dim fileEntries As String() = Directory.GetFiles(targetDirectory)
        ' Process the list of files found in the directory.
        Dim fileName As String
        For Each fileName In fileEntries
            ProcessFile(fileName)
        Next fileName
        Dim subdirectoryEntries As String() = Directory.GetDirectories(targetDirectory)
        ' Recurse into subdirectories of this directory.
        Dim subdirectory As String
        For Each subdirectory In subdirectoryEntries
            ProcessDirectory(subdirectory)
        Next subdirectory
    End Sub
    ' Insert logic for processing found files here.
    Public Shared Sub ProcessFile(ByVal path As String)
        Console.WriteLine("Processed file '{0}'.", path)
    End Sub
End Class
      
       Remarks
      
      
       The
       
        EnumerateFiles
       
       and
       
        GetFiles
       
       methods differ as follows: When you use
       
        EnumerateFiles
       
       , you can start enumerating the collection of names before the whole collection is returned; when you use
       
        GetFiles
       
       , you must wait for the whole array of names to be returned before you can access the array. Therefore, when you are working with many files and directories,
       
        EnumerateFiles
       
       can be more efficient.
      
      
       The returned file names are appended to the supplied
       
        path
       
       parameter.
      
      
       This method is identical to
       
        GetFiles(String, String)
       
       with the asterisk (*) specified as the search pattern.
      
      
       The
       
        path
       
       parameter can specify relative or absolute path information. Relative path information is interpreted as relative to the current working directory. To obtain the current working directory, see
       
        GetCurrentDirectory
       
       .
      
      
       The order of the returned file names is not guaranteed; use the
       
        Sort
       
       method if a specific sort order is required.
      
      
       The case-sensitivity of the
       
        path
       
       parameter corresponds to that of the file system on which the code is running. For example, it's case-insensitive on NTFS (the default Windows file system) and case-sensitive on Linux file systems.
      
      
       For a list of common I/O tasks, see
       
        Common I/O Tasks
       
       .
      
      public:
 static cli::array <System::String ^> ^ GetFiles(System::String ^ path, System::String ^ searchPattern);
      public static string[] GetFiles (string path, string searchPattern);
      static member GetFiles : string * string -> string[]
      Public Shared Function GetFiles (path As String, searchPattern As String) As String()
      
       Parameters
      
      
       The search string to match against the names of files in
       
        path
       
       .  This parameter can contain a combination of valid literal path and wildcard (* and ?) characters, but it doesn't support regular expressions.
      
      
       Returns
      
      
       ArgumentException
      
      
       .NET Framework and .NET Core versions older than 2.1:
       
        path
       
       is a zero-length string, contains only white space, or contains one or more invalid characters. You can query for invalid characters by using
       
        GetInvalidPathChars()
       
       .
      
      
       
        searchPattern
       
       doesn't contain a valid pattern.
      
      
       Examples
      
      
       The following example counts the number of files that begin with the specified letter.
      
      
       using namespace System;
using namespace System::IO;
int main()
      // Only get files that begin with the letter "c".
      array<String^>^dirs = Directory::GetFiles( "c:\\", "c*" );
      Console::WriteLine( "The number of files starting with c is {0}.", dirs->Length );
      Collections::IEnumerator^ myEnum = dirs->GetEnumerator();
      while ( myEnum->MoveNext() )
         Console::WriteLine( myEnum->Current );
   catch ( Exception^ e ) 
      Console::WriteLine( "The process failed: {0}", e );
       
        using System;
using System.IO;
class Test
    public static void Main()
            // Only get files that begin with the letter "c".
            string[] dirs = Directory.GetFiles(@"c:\", "c*");
            Console.WriteLine("The number of files starting with c is {0}.", dirs.Length);
            foreach (string dir in dirs)
                Console.WriteLine(dir);
        catch (Exception e)
            Console.WriteLine("The process failed: {0}", e.ToString());
        
         open System.IO
    // Only get files that begin with the letter "c".
    let dirs = Directory.GetFiles(@"c:\", "c*")
    printfn $"The number of files starting with c is {dirs.Length}."
    for dir in dirs do
        printfn $"{dir}"
with e ->
    printfn $"The process failed: {e}"
         
          Imports System.IO
Public Class Test
    Public Shared Sub Main()
            ' Only get files that begin with the letter "c".
            Dim dirs As String() = Directory.GetFiles("c:\", "c*")
            Console.WriteLine("The number of files starting with c is {0}.", dirs.Length)
            Dim dir As String
            For Each dir In dirs
                Console.WriteLine(dir)
        Catch e As Exception
            Console.WriteLine("The process failed: {0}", e.ToString())
        End Try
    End Sub
End Class
          
           Remarks
          
          
           The returned file names are appended to the supplied
           
            path
           
           parameter and the order of the returned file names is not guaranteed; use the
           
            Sort
           
           method if a specific sort order is required.
          




    

          
           
            searchPattern
           
           can be a combination of literal and wildcard characters, but it doesn't support regular expressions. The following wildcard specifiers are permitted in
           
            searchPattern
           
           .
          
          Wildcard specifier
Matches
          
           Characters other than the wildcard are literal characters. For example, the
           
            searchPattern
           
           string "*t" searches for all names in
           
            path
           
           ending with the letter "t". The
           
            searchPattern
           
           string "s*" searches for all names in
           
            path
           
           beginning with the letter "s".
          
          
           
            searchPattern
           
           cannot end in two periods ("..") or contain two periods ("..") followed by
           
            DirectorySeparatorChar
           
           or
           
            AltDirectorySeparatorChar
           
           , nor can it contain any invalid characters. You can query for invalid characters by using the
           
            GetInvalidPathChars
           
           method.
          
          
           
            .NET Framework only:
           
           When you use the asterisk wildcard character in
           
            searchPattern
           
           and you specify a three-character file extension, for example, "*.txt", this method also returns files with extensions that
           
            begin
           
           with the specified extension. For example, the search pattern "*.xls" returns both "book.xls" and "book.xlsx". This behavior only occurs if an asterisk is used in the search pattern and the file extension provided is exactly three characters. If you use the question mark wildcard character somewhere in the search pattern, this method returns only files that match the specified file extension exactly. The following table depicts this anomaly in .NET Framework.
          
          Files in directory
Search pattern
.NET 5+ returns
.NET Framework returns
          
           Because this method checks against file names with both the 8.3 file name format and the long file name format, a search pattern similar to "*1*.txt" may return unexpected file names. For example, using a search pattern of "*1*.txt" returns "longfilename.txt" because the equivalent 8.3 file name format is "LONGFI~1.TXT".
          
          
           The
           
            EnumerateFiles
           
           and
           
            GetFiles
           
           methods differ as follows: When you use
           
            EnumerateFiles
           
           , you can start enumerating the collection of names before the whole collection is returned; when you use
           
            GetFiles
           
           , you must wait for the whole array of names to be returned before you can access the array. Therefore, when you are working with many files and directories,
           
            EnumerateFiles
           
           can be more efficient.
          
          
           The
           
            path
           
           parameter can specify relative or absolute path information. Relative path information is interpreted as relative to the current working directory. To obtain the current working directory, see
           
            GetCurrentDirectory
           
           .
          
          
           The case-sensitivity of the
           
            path
           
           parameter corresponds to that of the file system on which the code is running. For example, it's case-insensitive on NTFS (the default Windows file system) and case-sensitive on Linux file systems.
          
          
           For a list of common I/O tasks, see
           
            Common I/O Tasks
           
           .
          
          public:
 static cli::array <System::String ^> ^ GetFiles(System::String ^ path, System::String ^ searchPattern, System::IO::EnumerationOptions ^ enumerationOptions);
          public static string[] GetFiles (string path, string searchPattern, System.IO.EnumerationOptions enumerationOptions);
          static member GetFiles : string * string * System.IO.EnumerationOptions -> string[]
          Public Shared Function GetFiles (path As String, searchPattern As String, enumerationOptions As EnumerationOptions) As String()
          
           Parameters
          
          
           ArgumentException
          
          
           .NET Framework and .NET Core versions older than 2.1:
           
            path
           
           is a zero-length string, contains only white space, or contains one or more invalid characters. You can query for invalid characters by using
           
            GetInvalidPathChars()
           
           .
          
          
           
            searchPattern
           
           doesn't contain a valid pattern.
          
          
           Remarks
          
          
           The returned file names are appended to the supplied
           
            path
           
           parameter and the order of the returned file names is not guaranteed; use the
           
            Sort
           
           method if a specific sort order is required.
          
          
           
            searchPattern
           
           can be a combination of literal and wildcard characters, but it doesn't support regular expressions. The following wildcard specifiers are permitted in
           
            searchPattern
           
           .
          
          Wildcard specifier
Matches
          
           Characters other than the wildcard are literal characters. For example, the
           
            searchPattern
           
           string "*t" searches for all names in
           
            path
           
           ending with the letter "t". The
           
            searchPattern
           
           string "s*" searches for all names in
           
            path
           
           beginning with the letter "s".
          
          
           
            searchPattern
           
           cannot end in two periods ("..") or contain two periods ("..") followed by
           
            DirectorySeparatorChar
           
           or
           
            AltDirectorySeparatorChar
           
           , nor can it contain any invalid characters. You can query for invalid characters by using the
           
            GetInvalidPathChars
           
           method.
          
          
           
            .NET Framework only:
           
           When you use the asterisk wildcard character in
           
            searchPattern
           
           and you specify a three-character file extension, for example, "*.txt", this method also returns files with extensions that
           
            begin
           
           with the specified extension. For example, the search pattern "*.xls" returns both "book.xls" and "book.xlsx". This behavior only occurs if an asterisk is used in the search pattern and the file extension provided is exactly three characters. If you use the question mark wildcard character somewhere in the search pattern, this method returns only files that match the specified file extension exactly. The following table depicts this anomaly in .NET Framework.
          
          Files in directory
Search pattern
.NET 5+ returns
.NET Framework returns
          
           Because this method checks against file names with both the 8.3 file name format and the long file name format, a search pattern similar to "*1*.txt" may return unexpected file names. For example, using a search pattern of "*1*.txt" returns "longfilename.txt" because the equivalent 8.3 file name format is "LONGFI~1.TXT".
          
          
           The
           
            EnumerateFiles
           
           and
           
            GetFiles
           
           methods differ as follows: When you use
           
            EnumerateFiles
           
           , you can start enumerating the collection of names before the whole collection is returned; when you use
           
            GetFiles
           
           , you must wait for the whole array of names to be returned before you can access the array. Therefore, when you are working with many files and directories,
           
            EnumerateFiles
           
           can be more efficient.
          
          
           The
           
            path
           
           parameter can specify relative or absolute path information. Relative path information is interpreted as relative to the current working directory. To obtain the current working directory, see
           
            GetCurrentDirectory
           
           .
          
          
           The case-sensitivity of the
           
            path
           
           parameter corresponds to that of the file system on which the code is running. For example, it's case-insensitive on NTFS (the default Windows file system) and case-sensitive on Linux file systems.
          
          
           For a list of common I/O tasks, see
           
            Common I/O Tasks
           
           .
          
          public:
 static cli::array <System::String ^> ^ GetFiles(System::String ^ path, System::String ^ searchPattern, System::IO::SearchOption searchOption);
          public static string[] GetFiles (string path, string searchPattern, System.IO.SearchOption searchOption);
          static member GetFiles : string * string * System.IO.SearchOption -> string[]
          Public Shared Function GetFiles (path As String, searchPattern As String, searchOption As SearchOption) As String()
          
           Parameters
          
          
           One of the enumeration values that specifies whether the search operation should include all subdirectories or only the current directory.
          
          
           Returns
          
          
           ArgumentException
          
          
           .NET Framework and .NET Core versions older than 2.1:
           
            path
           
           is a zero-length string, contains only white space, or contains one or more invalid characters. You can query for invalid characters with the
           
            GetInvalidPathChars()
           
           method.
          
          
           
            searchPattern
           
           does not contain a valid pattern.
          
          
           Remarks
          
          
           The returned file names are appended to the supplied  parameter
           
            path
           
           and the order of the returned file names is not guaranteed; use the
           
            Sort
           
           method if a specific sort order is required.
          
          
           
            searchPattern
           
           can be a combination of literal and wildcard characters, but it doesn't support regular expressions. The following wildcard specifiers are permitted in
           
            searchPattern
           
           .
          
          Wildcard specifier
Matches
          
           Characters other than the wildcard are literal characters. For example, the
           
            searchPattern
           
           string "*t" searches for all names in
           
            path
           
           ending with the letter "t". The
           
            searchPattern
           
           string "s*" searches for all names in
           
            path
           
           beginning with the letter "s".
          
          
           
            searchPattern
           
           cannot end in two periods ("..") or contain two periods ("..") followed by
           
            DirectorySeparatorChar
           
           or
           
            AltDirectorySeparatorChar
           
           , nor can it contain any invalid characters. You can query for invalid characters by using the
           
            GetInvalidPathChars
           
           method.
          
          
           
            .NET Framework only:
           
           When you use the asterisk wildcard character in
           
            searchPattern
           
           and you specify a three-character file extension, for example, "*.txt", this method also returns files with extensions that
           
            begin
           
           with the specified extension. For example, the search pattern "*.xls" returns both "book.xls" and "book.xlsx". This behavior only occurs if an asterisk is used in the search pattern and the file extension provided is exactly three characters. If you use the question mark wildcard character somewhere in the search pattern, this method returns only files that match the specified file extension exactly. The following table depicts this anomaly in .NET Framework.
          
          Files in directory
Search pattern
.NET 5+ returns
.NET Framework returns
          
           Because this method checks against file names with both the 8.3 file name format and the long file name format, a search pattern similar to "*1*.txt" may return unexpected file names. For example, using a search pattern of "*1*.txt" returns "longfilename.txt" because the equivalent 8.3 file name format is "LONGFI~1.TXT".
          
          
           The
           
            EnumerateFiles
           
           and
           
            GetFiles
           
           methods differ as follows: When you use
           
            EnumerateFiles
           
           , you can start enumerating the collection of names before the whole collection is returned; when you use
           
            GetFiles
           
           , you must wait for the whole array of names to be returned before you can access the array. Therefore, when you are working with many files and directories,
           
            EnumerateFiles
           
           can be more efficient.
          
          
           The file names include the full path.
          
          
           The
           
            path
           
           parameter can specify relative or absolute path information. Relative path information is interpreted as relative to the current working directory. To obtain the current working directory, see
           
            GetCurrentDirectory
           
           .
          
          
           The case-sensitivity of the
           
            path
           
           parameter corresponds to that of the file system on which the code is running. For example, it's case-insensitive on NTFS (the default Windows file system) and case-sensitive on Linux file systems.
          
          
           For a list of common I/O tasks, see
           
            Common I/O Tasks
           
           .