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使用过spring data jpa的同学,都很清楚,对于复杂的sql查询,处理起来还是比较复杂的,而本文中的QueryDSL就是用来简化JPA操作的。

Querydsl定义了一种常用的静态类型语法,用于在持久域模型数据之上进行查询。JDO和JPA是Querydsl的主要集成技术。本文旨在介绍如何使用Querydsl与JPA组合使用。 JPA的Querydsl是JPQL和Criteria查询的替代方法。QueryDSL仅仅是一个通用的查询框架,专注于通过Java API构建类型安全的SQL查询。

要想使用QueryDSL,需要做两个前提操作:

1、pom文件中,加入依赖

<!--query dsl -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>com.querydsl</groupId>
			<artifactId>querydsl-jpa</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>com.querydsl</groupId>
			<artifactId>querydsl-apt</artifactId>
			<scope>provided</scope>
		</dependency>
2、pom文件中,加入编译插件
<plugin>
				<groupId>com.mysema.maven</groupId>
				<artifactId>apt-maven-plugin</artifactId>
				<version>1.1.3</version>
				<executions>
					<execution>
						<goals>
							<goal>process</goal>
						</goals>
						<configuration>
							<outputDirectory>target/generated-sources/java</outputDirectory>
							<processor>com.querydsl.apt.jpa.JPAAnnotationProcessor</processor>
						</configuration>
					</execution>
				</executions>
			</plugin>
该插件会 查找使用javax.persistence.Entity注解的域类型,并为它们生成对应的查询类型。下面以User实体类来说明,生成的查询类型如下:
package com.chhliu.springboot.jpa.entity;
import static com.querydsl.core.types.PathMetadataFactory.*;
import com.querydsl.core.types.dsl.*;
import com.querydsl.core.types.PathMetadata;
import javax.annotation.Generated;
import com.querydsl.core.types.Path;
 * QUser is a Querydsl query type for User
@Generated("com.querydsl.codegen.EntitySerializer")
public class QUser extends EntityPathBase<User> {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1153899872L;
    public static final QUser user = new QUser("user");
    public final StringPath address = createString("address");
    public final NumberPath<Integer> age = createNumber("age", Integer.class);
    public final NumberPath<Integer> id = createNumber("id", Integer.class);
    public final StringPath name = createString("name");
    public QUser(String variable) {
        super(User.class, forVariable(variable));
    public QUser(Path<? extends User> path) {
        super(path.getType(), path.getMetadata());
    public QUser(PathMetadata metadata) {
        super(User.class, metadata);
我们建立好实体类之后,然后运行mvn clean complie命令,就会在 
<outputDirectory>target/generated-sources/java</outputDirectory>
目录下生成对应的查询类型。然后将生成的类都拷贝到项目中,即可。

本文涉及到的Entity如下:

package com.chhliu.springboot.jpa.entity;
import java.io.Serializable;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.Table;
@Entity
@Table(name="t_user")
public class User implements Serializable{
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
	@Id()
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO)
    private int id;
    private String name;
    private String address;
    private int age;
	…………省略getter,setter方法…………
	 * attention:
	 * Details:方便查看测试结果
	 * @author chhliu
	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "User [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", address=" + address + ", age=" + age + "]";
}
上面的这个实体类,主要用于单表操作。
package com.chhliu.springboot.jpa.entity;
import javax.persistence.CascadeType;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.OneToOne;
import javax.persistence.Table;
 * 描述:TODO
 * @author chhliu
@Entity
@Table(name="PERSON")
public class Person {
	@GeneratedValue
	private Integer id;
	private String name;
	private String address;
	@OneToOne(mappedBy="person", cascade={CascadeType.PERSIST, CascadeType.REMOVE, CascadeType.MERGE})
	private IDCard idCard;
        …………省略getter,setter方法…………
	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Person [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", address=" + address + ", idCard=" + idCard + "]";
package com.chhliu.springboot.jpa.entity;
import javax.persistence.CascadeType;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.FetchType;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.OneToOne;
import javax.persistence.Table;
 * 描述:
 * @author chhliu
@Entity
@Table(name="IDCARD")
public class IDCard {
	@GeneratedValue
	private Integer id;
	private String idNo;
	@OneToOne(cascade={CascadeType.MERGE, CascadeType.REMOVE, CascadeType.PERSIST}, fetch=FetchType.EAGER)
	private Person person;
       …………省略getter,setter方法…………
	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "IDCard [id=" + id + ", idNo=" + idNo + ", person=" + person + "]";
上面两个Entity主要用于一对一关系的示例操作
package com.chhliu.springboot.jpa.entity;
import java.util.List;
import javax.persistence.CascadeType;
import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.FetchType;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.OneToMany;
import javax.persistence.Table;
 * 描述:Order实体类
 * @author chhliu
@Entity
@Table(name="ORDER_C")
public class Order {
	@GeneratedValue
	@Column(name="ID")
	private Integer id;
	@Column(length=20, name="ORDER_NAME")
	private String orderName;
	@Column(name="COUNT")
	private Integer count;
	@OneToMany(mappedBy = "order",cascade={CascadeType.PERSIST,CascadeType.REMOVE},fetch = FetchType.EAGER)
	private List<OrderItem> orderItems;
        …………省略getter,setter方法…………
package com.chhliu.springboot.jpa.entity;
import javax.persistence.CascadeType;
import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.FetchType;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.JoinColumn;
import javax.persistence.ManyToOne;
import javax.persistence.Table;
 * 描述:OrderItem实体类
 * @author chhliu
@Entity
@Table(name="ORDER_ITEM")
public class OrderItem {
	@GeneratedValue
	@Column(name="ID", nullable=false)
	private Integer id;
	@Column(name="ITEM_NAME", length=20)
	private String itemName;
	@Column(name="PRICE")
	private Integer price;
	@ManyToOne(cascade={CascadeType.PERSIST,CascadeType.REMOVE, CascadeType.MERGE}, fetch=FetchType.EAGER)
    @JoinColumn(name = "ORDER_ID")
	private Order order;
        …………省略getter,setter方法…………
上面两个Entity用于展示一对多关系的示例操作。

首先,我们来看单表操作

1、使用spring data jpa

要想使用spring data jpa提供的QueryDSL功能,很简单,直接继承接口即可。Spring Data JPA中提供了QueryDslPredicateExecutor接口,用于支持QueryDSL的查询操作接口,如下:

package com.chhliu.springboot.jpa.repository;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
import org.springframework.data.querydsl.QueryDslPredicateExecutor;
import com.chhliu.springboot.jpa.entity.User;
public interface UserRepositoryDls extends JpaRepository<User, Integer>, QueryDslPredicateExecutor<User>{// 继承QueryDslPredicateExecutor接口
QueryDslPredicateExecutor接口提供了如下方法:
public interface QueryDslPredicateExecutor<T> {
	T findOne(Predicate predicate);
	Iterable<T> findAll(Predicate predicate);
	Iterable<T> findAll(Predicate predicate, Sort sort);
	Iterable<T> findAll(Predicate predicate, OrderSpecifier<?>... orders);
	Iterable<T> findAll(OrderSpecifier<?>... orders);
	Page<T> findAll(Predicate predicate, Pageable pageable);
	long count(Predicate predicate);
	boolean exists(Predicate predicate);
}
以上方法的使用和spring data jpa中的其他接口使用方法类似,详情请参考:

http://blog.csdn.net/liuchuanhong1/article/details/52042477

测试如下:

public User findUserByUserName(final String userName){
		 * 该例是使用spring data QueryDSL实现
		QUser quser = QUser.user;
		Predicate predicate = quser.name.eq(userName);// 根据用户名,查询user表
		return repository.findOne(predicate);
	}
对应的sql如下:
select user0_.id as id1_5_, user0_.address as address2_5_, user0_.age as age3_5_, user0_.name as name4_5_ from t_user user0_ where  user0_.name=?
单表操作示例代码如下:
package com.chhliu.springboot.jpa.repository;
import java.util.List;
import javax.persistence.EntityManager;
import javax.persistence.PersistenceContext;
import javax.persistence.Query;
import javax.transaction.Transactional;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.data.domain.Page;
import org.springframework.data.domain.PageRequest;
import org.springframework.data.domain.Sort;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import com.chhliu.springboot.jpa.entity.QUser;
import com.chhliu.springboot.jpa.entity.User;
import com.querydsl.core.types.Predicate;
import com.querydsl.jpa.impl.JPAQueryFactory;
 * 描述:QueryDSL JPA
 * @author chhliu
@Component
@Transactional
public class UserRepositoryManagerDsl {
	@Autowired
	private UserRepositoryDls repository;
	@Autowired
	@PersistenceContext
	private EntityManager entityManager;
        private JPAQueryFactory queryFactory;
     @PostConstruct
     public void init() {
        queryFactory = new JPAQueryFactory(entityManager);
       public User findUserByUserName(final String userName){
		 * 该例是使用spring data QueryDSL实现
		QUser quser = QUser.user;
		Predicate predicate = quser.name.eq(userName);
		return repository.findOne(predicate);
	 * attention:
	 * Details:查询user表中的所有记录
	public List<User> findAll(){
		QUser quser = QUser.user;
		return queryFactory.selectFrom(quser)
					.fetch();
	 * Details:单条件查询
	public User findOneByUserName(final String userName){
		QUser quser = QUser.user;
		return queryFactory.selectFrom(quser)
			.where(quser.name.eq(userName))
			.fetchOne();
	 * Details:单表多条件查询
	public User findOneByUserNameAndAddress(final String userName, final String address){
		QUser quser = QUser.user;
		return queryFactory.select(quser)
			.from(quser) // 上面两句代码等价与selectFrom
			.where(quser.name.eq(userName).and(quser.address.eq(address)))// 这句代码等同于where(quser.name.eq(userName), quser.address.eq(address))
			.fetchOne();
	 * Details:使用join查询
	public List<User> findUsersByJoin(){
		QUser quser = QUser.user;
		QUser userName = new QUser("name");
		return queryFactory.selectFrom(quser)
			.innerJoin(quser)
			.on(quser.id.intValue().eq(userName.id.intValue()))
			.fetch();
	 * Details:将查询结果排序
	public List<User> findUserAndOrder(){
		QUser quser = QUser.user;
		return queryFactory.selectFrom(quser)
			.orderBy(quser.id.desc())
			.fetch();
	 * Details:Group By使用
	public List<String> findUserByGroup(){
		QUser quser = QUser.user;
		return queryFactory.select(quser.name)
					.from(quser)
					.groupBy(quser.name)
					.fetch();
	 * Details:删除用户
	public long deleteUser(String userName){
		QUser quser = QUser.user;
		return queryFactory.delete(quser).where(quser.name.eq(userName)).execute();
	 * Details:更新记录
	public long updateUser(final User u, final String userName){
		QUser quser = QUser.user;
		return queryFactory.update(quser).where(quser.name.eq(userName))
			.set(quser.name, u.getName())
			.set(quser.age, u.getAge())
			.set(quser.address, u.getAddress())
			.execute();
	 * Details:使用原生Query
	public User findOneUserByOriginalSql(final String userName){
		QUser quser = QUser.user;
		Query query = queryFactory.selectFrom(quser)
				.where(quser.name.eq(userName)).createQuery();
		return (User) query.getSingleResult();
	 * Details:分页查询单表
	public Page<User> findAllAndPager(final int offset, final int pageSize){
		Predicate predicate = QUser.user.id.lt(10);
		Sort sort = new Sort(new Sort.Order(Sort.Direction.DESC, "id"));
		PageRequest pr = new PageRequest(offset, pageSize, sort);
		return repository.findAll(predicate, pr);
多表操作示例(一对一)如下:
package com.chhliu.springboot.jpa.repository;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;
import javax.persistence.EntityManager;
import javax.persistence.PersistenceContext;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import com.chhliu.springboot.jpa.dto.PersonIDCardDto;
import com.chhliu.springboot.jpa.entity.QIDCard;
import com.chhliu.springboot.jpa.entity.QPerson;
import com.querydsl.core.QueryResults;
import com.querydsl.core.Tuple;
import com.querydsl.core.types.Predicate;
import com.querydsl.jpa.impl.JPAQuery;
import com.querydsl.jpa.impl.JPAQueryFactory;
@Component
public class PersonAndIDCardManager {
    @Autowired
    @PersistenceContext
    private EntityManager entityManager;
    private JPAQueryFactory queryFactory;
    @PostConstruct
    public void init() {
        queryFactory = new JPAQueryFactory(entityManager);
     * Details:多表动态查询
    public List<Tuple> findAllPersonAndIdCard(){
        Predicate predicate = (QPerson.person.id.intValue()).eq(QIDCard.iDCard.person.id.intValue());
        JPAQuery<Tuple> jpaQuery = queryFactory.select(QIDCard.iDCard.idNo, QPerson.person.address, QPerson.person.name)
                .from(QIDCard.iDCard, QPerson.person)
                .where(predicate);
        return jpaQuery.fetch();
     * Details:将查询结果以DTO的方式输出
    public List<PersonIDCardDto> findByDTO(){
        Predicate predicate = (QPerson.person.id.intValue()).eq(QIDCard.iDCard.person.id.intValue());
        JPAQuery<Tuple> jpaQuery = queryFactory.select(QIDCard.iDCard.idNo, QPerson.person.address, QPerson.person.name)
                .from(QIDCard.iDCard, QPerson.person)
                .where(predicate);
        List<Tuple> tuples = jpaQuery.fetch();
        List<PersonIDCardDto> dtos = new ArrayList<PersonIDCardDto>();
        if(null != tuples && !tuples.isEmpty()){
            for(Tuple tuple:tuples){
                String address = tuple.get(QPerson.person.address);
                String name = tuple.get(QPerson.person.name);
                String idCard = tuple.get(QIDCard.iDCard.idNo);
                PersonIDCardDto dto = new PersonIDCardDto();
                dto.setAddress(address);
                dto.setIdNo(idCard);
                dto.setName(name);
                dtos.add(dto);
        return dtos;
     * Details:多表动态查询,并分页
    public QueryResults<Tuple> findByDtoAndPager(int offset, int pageSize){
        Predicate predicate = (QPerson.person.id.intValue()).eq(QIDCard.iDCard.person.id.intValue());
        return queryFactory.select(QIDCard.iDCard.idNo, QPerson.person.address, QPerson.person.name)
                .from(QIDCard.iDCard, QPerson.person)
                .where(predicate)
                .offset(offset)
                .limit(pageSize)
                .fetchResults();

上面将查询结果以DTO的方式输出的示例中,在查询结束后,将查询结果手动的转换成了DTO对象,这种方式其实不太优雅,QueryDSL给我们提供了更好的方式,见下面的示例:

     * Details:方式一:使用Bean投影     public List<PersonIDCardDto> findByDTOUseBean(){         Predicate predicate = (QPerson.person.id.intValue()).eq(QIDCard.iDCard.person.id.intValue());         return queryFactory.select(                 Projections.bean(PersonIDCardDto.class, QIDCard.iDCard.idNo, QPerson.person.address, QPerson.person.name))                 .from(QIDCard.iDCard, QPerson.person)                 .where(predicate)                 .fetch();      * Details:方式二:使用fields来代替setter     public List<PersonIDCardDto> findByDTOUseFields(){         Predicate predicate = (QPerson.person.id.intValue()).eq(QIDCard.iDCard.person.id.intValue());         return queryFactory.select(                 Projections.fields(PersonIDCardDto.class, QIDCard.iDCard.idNo, QPerson.person.address, QPerson.person.name))                 .from(QIDCard.iDCard, QPerson.person)                 .where(predicate)                 .fetch();      * Details:方式三:使用构造方法,注意构造方法中属性的顺序必须和构造器中的顺序一致     public List<PersonIDCardDto> findByDTOUseConstructor(){         Predicate predicate = (QPerson.person.id.intValue()).eq(QIDCard.iDCard.person.id.intValue());         return queryFactory.select(                 Projections.constructor(PersonIDCardDto.class, QPerson.person.name, QPerson.person.address, QIDCard.iDCard.idNo))                 .from(QIDCard.iDCard, QPerson.person)                 .where(predicate)                 .fetch();     }
上面只是提供了几种思路,当然,还可以使用@QueryProjection来实现,非常灵活。
一对多示例:
package com.chhliu.springboot.jpa.repository;
import java.util.List;
import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;
import javax.persistence.EntityManager;
import javax.persistence.PersistenceContext;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import com.chhliu.springboot.jpa.entity.QOrder;
import com.chhliu.springboot.jpa.entity.QOrderItem;
import com.querydsl.core.Tuple;
import com.querydsl.core.types.Predicate;
import com.querydsl.jpa.impl.JPAQuery;
import com.querydsl.jpa.impl.JPAQueryFactory;
@Component
public class OrderAndOrderItemManager {
    @Autowired
    @PersistenceContext
    private EntityManager entityManager;
    private JPAQueryFactory queryFactory;
    @PostConstruct
    public void init() {
        queryFactory = new JPAQueryFactory(entityManager);
     * Details:一对多,条件查询
    public List<Tuple> findOrderAndOrderItemByOrderName(String orderName){
        //添加查询条件
        Predicate predicate = QOrder.order.orderName.eq(orderName);
        JPAQuery<Tuple> jpaQuery = queryFactory.select(QOrder.order, QOrderItem.orderItem)
                                        .from(QOrder.order, QOrderItem.orderItem)
                                        .where(QOrderItem.orderItem.order.id.intValue().eq(QOrder.order.id.intValue()), predicate);
        //拿到结果
        return jpaQuery.fetch();
     * Details:多表连接查询
    public List<Tuple> findAllByOrderName(String orderName){
        //添加查询条件
        Predicate predicate = QOrder.order.orderName.eq(orderName);
        JPAQuery<Tuple> jpaQuery = queryFactory.select(QOrder.order, QOrderItem.orderItem)
                                        .from(QOrder.order, QOrderItem.orderItem)
                                        .rightJoin(QOrder.order)
                                        .on(QOrderItem.orderItem.order.id.intValue().eq(QOrder.order.id.intValue()));
        jpaQuery.where(predicate);
        //拿到结果
        return jpaQuery.fetch();

从上面的示例中,我们可以看出,QueryDSL大大的简化了我们的操作

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