添加链接
link之家
链接快照平台
  • 输入网页链接,自动生成快照
  • 标签化管理网页链接
The .gov means it’s official. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely. As a library, NLM provides access to scientific literature. Inclusion in an NLM database does not imply endorsement of, or agreement with, the contents by NLM or the National Institutes of Health.
Learn more: PMC Disclaimer
Lin Chuang Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2020 Dec 5; 34(12): 1097–1102.
PMCID: PMC10127783

Language: Chinese | English

慢性鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉手术前后鼻腔微生物组学的变化

The impact of endoscopic sinus surgery on sinonasal microbiome of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps

吴 玉彬

首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科 教育部耳鼻咽喉头颈外科学重点实验室(首都医科大学)(北京,100730), Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100730, China

Find articles by 吴 玉彬

孙 炎

首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科 教育部耳鼻咽喉头颈外科学重点实验室(首都医科大学)(北京,100730), Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100730, China

Find articles by 孙 炎

黄 振校

首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科 教育部耳鼻咽喉头颈外科学重点实验室(首都医科大学)(北京,100730), Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100730, China

Find articles by 黄 振校

黄 谦

首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科 教育部耳鼻咽喉头颈外科学重点实验室(首都医科大学)(北京,100730), Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100730, China

Find articles by 黄 谦

崔 顺九

首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科 教育部耳鼻咽喉头颈外科学重点实验室(首都医科大学)(北京,100730), Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100730, China

Find articles by 崔 顺九

李 云川

首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科 教育部耳鼻咽喉头颈外科学重点实验室(首都医科大学)(北京,100730), Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100730, China

Find articles by 李 云川

马 晶影

首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科 教育部耳鼻咽喉头颈外科学重点实验室(首都医科大学)(北京,100730), Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100730, China

Find articles by 马 晶影

成 雷

北京市大兴区人民医院耳鼻咽喉科, Department of Otolaryngology, Beijing Daxing Hospital

Find articles by 成 雷

曲 静

首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科 教育部耳鼻咽喉头颈外科学重点实验室(首都医科大学)(北京,100730), Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100730, China

Find articles by 曲 静

陈 函

首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科 教育部耳鼻咽喉头颈外科学重点实验室(首都医科大学)(北京,100730), Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100730, China

Find articles by 陈 函

周 兵

首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科 教育部耳鼻咽喉头颈外科学重点实验室(首都医科大学)(北京,100730), Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100730, China 首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科 教育部耳鼻咽喉头颈外科学重点实验室(首都医科大学)(北京,100730), Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100730, China 北京市大兴区人民医院耳鼻咽喉科, Department of Otolaryngology, Beijing Daxing Hospital 肠球菌属0.027 0420.2200.2700.0630.702假单胞菌属0.035 2080.3970.0120.4200.008不动杆菌属0.039 337-0.1850.365-0.0630.702奈瑟菌属0.042 298-0.1170.563-0.3040.060莫拉菌属0.067 481-0.1110.581-0.1490.364葡萄球菌属0.065 2750.0760.707-0.3000.854嗜血杆菌属0.013 481-0.2770.1630.0030.998未定义的_叶绿体菌属0.024 3690.2190.2720.1980.228棒状杆菌属_10.055 909-0.2700.174-0.0100.951未定义的_甲壳菌属0.000 036-0.2810.155-0.0320.845

2.2.2. 微生物与预后的关系

将属水平MRA值排在前30的细菌与术后3个月主客观评分改善幅度行相关性分析,结果属于变形菌门的弯曲菌属与SNOT-22评分改善幅度呈负相关性( r =-0.63, P =0.038),厚壁菌门的肠球菌属与Lund-Kennedy评分改善幅度呈负相关性( r =-0.77, P =0.005)。

3. 讨论

人体微生物组这个概念最早由Lederberg等 5 提出,指生活在人体上的营互生、共生和致病的所有微生物基因的总和,他认为人体中的微生物基因组可以看做是人类基因组的一部分。人体微生物组学的研究,最早始于2007年由美国国立卫生研究院实施的人体微生物基因组计划,该项目检测了人体的5个部位,包括肠道、口腔、鼻腔、女性生殖道及皮肤 6 。随着该计划的提出,越来越多的研究证实微生物与肿瘤、肥胖、炎性肠病、糖尿病、银屑病、哮喘等均有一定的相关性,微生物在人体的致病机制已不再是简单的感染,而是通过免疫影响人体的多种功能 4

早期不少学者认为CRS患者较对照组的鼻腔微生物组多样性下降 7 - 8 ,但随着检测技术的成熟以及样本量的扩大,近年Ramakrishnan等 9 - 10 发现两者间差异无统计学意义,这与本实验结果一致。

因单纯手术治疗鼻息肉的复发率较高,本研究实验组患者术后均给予规范的药物治疗,并前瞻性观察以手术为中心的综合治疗对鼻腔微生物组学的影响,术后α多样性呈先下降后上升的动态变化。而Cleland等 10 发现术后Shannon指数呈持续下降趋势,这与本研究术后的前2个月结果相似。但是本研究发现术后3个月时鼻腔微生物组可以恢复至与健康人相似的状态,考虑术后早期的鼻腔微生物组多样性下降与术后预防性使用抗生素有关,待自身黏膜恢复后局部多样性又得以重建。

β多样性分析显示CRSwNP较健康人蓝细菌门MRA高,经过以手术为中心的综合治疗后下降,提示蓝细菌可能对慢性鼻窦炎的发病具有一定的影响。蓝细菌多存在于湖泊、河流当中,可以产生微囊藻素,大剂量可以致死,而慢性长期暴露于该菌素的影响尚不明确 11 。有研究显示不同剂量的微囊藻素可以导致不同程度的呼吸上皮退行性变、坏死和嗅上皮的中性粒细胞炎症、退行性变、坏死以及萎缩 12 。而鼻腔蓝细菌的种植、传播可能与我们日常接触的水源有较大关系。本研究中我们将蓝细菌的MRA值与主、客观评分进一步比较却未发现明显的相关性,因而蓝细菌门的致病作用仍有待进一步挖掘。

鼻息肉患者与健康人鼻腔微生物的α多样性虽无明显差异,但两者间β多样性存在明显不同,提示我们鼻息肉患者与健康人的鼻腔微生物组成上存在差异。但是我们所观察到的术后鼻腔微生物α多样性的动态变化,以及β多样性分析蓝细菌门所呈现出的下降趋势,提示经过这样一个以手术为中心的综合治疗过程,鼻腔微生物结构得以重塑。

本研究发现黏膜炎症较重及伴有哮喘患者的假单胞菌属含量较高。对于假单胞菌属的认识,最为熟悉的是铜绿假单胞菌,多见于囊性纤维化患者的鼻腔和下气道内 13 以及既往有鼻部手术史患者的鼻腔内 14 ,与TNF-α和IFN-γ的产生具有相关性 15 。TNF-α可以通过影响上皮层紧密连接蛋白和闭合蛋白1的表达,破坏呼吸道黏膜上皮的完整性 16 - 18 ,从而导致哮喘的发病 19 - 20 。因此,鼻腔内假单胞菌属丰度的增加可能加重呼吸道黏膜上皮完整性的破坏,从而使鼻窦炎患者的黏膜炎症表现更为严重以及增加合并哮喘的风险。

此外,弯曲菌属、肠球菌属与术后改善幅度呈负相关性。有研究认为鼻喷激素可以降低弯曲菌属的含量 21 。结合本实验的结果,弯曲菌属含量越低鼻腔预后越好,鼻喷激素对于慢性鼻窦炎的治疗是否通过介导鼻腔微生物的变化而发挥作用值得进一步研究。肠球菌属在肠道内可以促进免疫系统的发育,并抑制过敏反应 22 ,然而在鼻腔内可能就成为致病菌,影响鼻腔鼻窦的术后恢复。

综上,CRSwNP与健康人群的鼻腔微生物α多样性没有统计学差异,β多样性显示蓝细菌门有差异。经过以手术为中心的综合治疗后其α多样性呈先下降后上升的动态变化,同时伴随着蓝细菌门的相对丰度的改变,提示以手术为中心的综合治疗对鼻腔微生物组重构起到重要的作用。鼻腔内假单胞菌属可能会加重鼻窦炎以及增加合并哮喘的风险,弯曲菌属和肠球菌属存在影响CRSwNP患者预后的可能。

Funding Statement

国家自然科学基金(No:81541108);北京市医院管理局“登峰”人才培养计划(No:DFL20150202)

References

1. Fokkens WJ, Lund VJ, Mullol J, et al. European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps 2012[J]. Rhinol Suppl, 2012, 23: 3 p preceding table of contents, 1-298.
2. Zhang N, Van Zele T, Perez-Novo C, et al. Different types of T-effector cells orchestrate mucosal inflammation in chronic sinus disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2008; 122 (5):961–968. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2008.07.008. [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
3. 王 琳琳, 陈 锋基, 杨 龙苏, et al. 鼻部菌群在慢性鼻窦炎中的作用 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志 2020; 34 (5):474–477. [ Google Scholar ]
4. Arora SK, Dewan P, Gupta P. Microbiome: Paediatricians' perspective. Indian J Med Res. 2015; 142 (5):515–524. doi: 10.4103/0971-5916.171275. [ PMC free article ] [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
5. Lederberg J, Mccray AT. 'Ome Sweet 'Omics--A Genealogical Treasury of Words. Scientist. 2001; 15 (7):22–27. [ Google Scholar ]
6. Turnbaugh PJ, Ley RE, Hamady M, et al. The human microbiome project. Nature. 2007; 449 (7164):804–810. doi: 10.1038/nature06244. [ PMC free article ] [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
7. Choi EB, Hong SW, Kim DK, et al. Decreased diversity of nasal microbiota and their secreted extracellular vesicles in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis based on a metagenomic analysis. Allergy. 2014; 69 (4):517–526. doi: 10.1111/all.12374. [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
8. Abreu NA, Nagalingam NA, Song Y, et al. Sinus microbiome diversity depletion and Corynebacterium tuberculostearicum enrichment mediates rhinosinusitis. Sci Transl Med. 2012; 4 (151):151ra124. [ PMC free article ] [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ]
9. Ramakrishnan VR, Hauser LJ, Feazel LM, et al. Sinus microbiota varies among chronic rhinosinusitis phenotypes and predicts surgical outcome. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2015; 136 (2):334–342.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.02.008. [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
10. Cleland EJ, Bassiouni A, Vreugde S, et al. The bacterial microbiome in chronic rhinosinusitis: Richness, diversity, postoperative changes, and patient outcomes. Am J Rhinol Allergy. 2016; 30 (1):37–43. doi: 10.2500/ajra.2016.30.4261. [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
11. Buratti FM, Manganelli M, Vichi S, et al. Cyanotoxins: producing organisms, occurrence, toxicity, mechanism of action and human health toxicological risk evaluation. Arch Toxicol. 2017; 91 (3):1049–1130. doi: 10.1007/s00204-016-1913-6. [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
12. Benson JM, Hutt JA, Rein K, et al. The toxicity of microcystin LR in mice following 7 days of inhalation exposure. Toxicon. 2005; 45 (6):691–698. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2005.01.004. [ PMC free article ] [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
13. Godoy JM, Godoy AN, Ribalta G, et al. Bacterial pattern in chronic sinusitis and cystic fibrosis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2011; 145 (4):673–676. doi: 10.1177/0194599811407279. [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
14. Araujo E, Dall C, Cantarelli V, et al. Microbiology of middle meatus in chronic rhinosinusitis. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 2007; 73 (4):549–555. doi: 10.1016/S1808-8694(15)30108-7. [ PMC free article ] [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
15. Chalermwatanachai T, Zhang N, Holtappels G, et al. Association of Mucosal Organisms with Patterns of Inflammation in Chronic Rhinosinusitis. PLoS One. 2015; 10 (8):e0136068. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136068. [ PMC free article ] [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
16. Soyka MB, Wawrzyniak P, Eiwegger T, et al. Defective epithelial barrier in chronic rhinosinusitis: the regulation of tight junctions by IFN-γ and IL-4. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2012; 130 (5):1087–1096.e10. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2012.05.052. [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
17. Ahdieh M, Vandenbos T, Youakim A. Lung epithelial barrier function and wound healing are decreased by IL-4 and IL-13 and enhanced by IFN-gamma. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2001; 281 (6):C2029–2038. doi: 10.1152/ajpcell.2001.281.6.C2029. [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
18. Hardyman MA, Wilkinson E, Martin E, et al. TNF-α-mediated bronchial barrier disruption and regulation by src-family kinase activation. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2013; 132 (3):665–675.e8. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.03.005. [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
19. Xiao C, Puddicombe SM, Field S, et al. Defective epithelial barrier function in asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2011; 128 (3):549–556.e1-12. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.05.038. [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
20. de Boer WI, Sharma HS, Baelemans SM, et al. Altered expression of epithelial junctional proteins in atopic asthma: possible role in inflammation. Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 2008; 86 (3):105–112. doi: 10.1139/Y08-004. [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
21. Liu CM, Kohanski MA, Mendiola M, et al. Impact of saline irrigation and topical corticosteroids on the postsurgical sinonasal microbiota. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2015; 5 (3):185–190. doi: 10.1002/alr.21467. [ PMC free article ] [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
22. Zhang B, An J, Shimada T, et al. Oral administration of Enterococcus faecalis FK-23 suppresses Th17 cell development and attenuates allergic airway responses in mice. Int J Mol Med. 2012; 30 (2):248–254. doi: 10.3892/ijmm.2012.1010. [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]

Articles from Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology, Head, and Neck Surgery are provided here courtesy of Editorial Department of Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery