传统民居冬季室内湿冷,进一步分析造成热不舒适的主要原因为室内温度远低于舒适温度范围,且相对湿度过高。建议传统民居冬季采用局部采暖设施,计算可知保持室内含湿量不变,将传统民居室内温度由平均温度6.1 ℃提高至热中性温度13.9 ℃,则相对湿度可由80%降低至50%,满足人体舒适的相对湿度要求。现代民居个别时段使用空调采暖,但冬季室内温度仍无法完全满足舒适温度范围,需加强采暖设备效率。
3 结论
1) 徽州传统民居冬季室内相对湿度主要分布在潮湿及非常潮湿水平,平均相对湿度在80%左右;徽州现代民居冬季室内相对湿度主要分布在不潮湿及稍微潮湿水平,平均相对湿度在70%左右。
2) 徽州传统民居室内温度日较差大于现代民居,但徽州传统民居室内湿度日较差小于现代民居室内湿度日较差,室内湿环境稳定性良好。
3) 徽州传统民居与现代民居冬季室内外含湿量相关性系数均超过0.8,室内湿环境对室外湿环境变化响应明显。厅堂作为半开放空间室内外含湿量响应现象显著,相关性系数达到0.96。
4) 冬季,徽州传统民居冬季厅堂、厢房热舒适的时间占比分别为7.36%、8.77%,室内热舒适性低于现代民居。造成徽州传统民居冬季热不舒适的主要原因为室内湿冷,建议冬季采取局部采暖装置。
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