# Tested with Python 2.7.9, Linux & Mac OS X
import socket
import StringIO
import sys
class WSGIServer(object):
address_family = socket.AF_INET
socket_type = socket.SOCK_STREAM
request_queue_size = 1
def __init__(self, server_address):
# Create a listening socket
self.listen_socket = listen_socket = socket.socket(
self.address_family,
self.socket_type
# Allow to reuse the same address
listen_socket.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
# Bind
listen_socket.bind(server_address)
# Activate
listen_socket.listen(self.request_queue_size)
# Get server host name and port
host, port = self.listen_socket.getsockname()[:2]
self.server_name = socket.getfqdn(host)
self.server_port = port
# Return headers set by Web framework/Web application
self.headers_set = []
def set_app(self, application):
self.application = application
def serve_forever(self):
listen_socket = self.listen_socket
while True:
# New client connection
self.client_connection, client_address = listen_socket.accept()
# Handle one request and close the client connection. Then
# loop over to wait for another client connection
self.handle_one_request()
def handle_one_request(self):
self.request_data = request_data = self.client_connection.recv(1024)
# Print formatted request data a la 'curl -v'
print(''.join(
'< {line}\n'.format(line=line)
for line in request_data.splitlines()
self.parse_request(request_data)
# Construct environment dictionary using request data
env = self.get_environ()
# It's time to call our application callable and get
# back a result that will become HTTP response body
result = self.application(env, self.start_response)
# Construct a response and send it back to the client
self.finish_response(result)
def parse_request(self, text):
request_line = text.splitlines()[0]
request_line = request_line.rstrip('\r\n')
# Break down the request line into components
(self.request_method, # GET
self.path, # /hello
self.request_version # HTTP/1.1
) = request_line.split()
def get_environ(self):
env = {}
# The following code snippet does not follow PEP8 conventions
# but it's formatted the way it is for demonstration purposes
# to emphasize the required variables and their values
# Required WSGI variables
env['wsgi.version'] = (1, 0)
env['wsgi.url_scheme'] = 'http'
env['wsgi.input'] = StringIO.StringIO(self.request_data)
env['wsgi.errors'] = sys.stderr
env['wsgi.multithread'] = False
env['wsgi.multiprocess'] = False
env['wsgi.run_once'] = False
# Required CGI variables
env['REQUEST_METHOD'] = self.request_method # GET
env['PATH_INFO'] = self.path # /hello
env['SERVER_NAME'] = self.server_name # localhost
env['SERVER_PORT'] = str(self.server_port) # 8888
return env
def start_response(self, status, response_headers, exc_info=None):
# Add necessary server headers
server_headers = [
('Date', 'Tue, 31 Mar 2015 12:54:48 GMT'),
('Server', 'WSGIServer 0.2'),
self.headers_set = [status, response_headers + server_headers]
# To adhere to WSGI specification the start_response must return
# a 'write' callable. We simplicity's sake we'll ignore that detail
# for now.
# return self.finish_response
def finish_response(self, result):
status, response_headers = self.headers_set
response = 'HTTP/1.1 {status}\r\n'.format(status=status)
for header in response_headers:
response += '{0}: {1}\r\n'.format(*header)
response += '\r\n'
for data in result:
response += data
# Print formatted response data a la 'curl -v'
print(''.join(
'> {line}\n'.format(line=line)
for line in response.splitlines()
self.client_connection.sendall(response)
finally:
self.client_connection.close()
SERVER_ADDRESS = (HOST, PORT) = '', 8888
def make_server(server_address, application):
server = WSGIServer(server_address)
server.set_app(application)
return server
if __name__ == '__main__':
if len(sys.argv) < 2:
sys.exit('Provide a WSGI application object as module:callable')
app_path = sys.argv[1]
module, application = app_path.split(':')
module = __import__(module)
application = getattr(module, application)
httpd = make_server(SERVER_ADDRESS, application)
print('WSGIServer: Serving HTTP on port {port} ...\n'.format(port=PORT))
httpd.serve_forever()
def run_application(application):
"""Server code."""
# This is where an application/framework stores
# an HTTP status and HTTP response headers for the server
# to transmit to the client
headers_set = []
# Environment dictionary with WSGI/CGI variables
environ = {}
def start_response(status, response_headers, exc_info=None):
headers_set[:] = [status, response_headers]
# Server invokes the ‘application' callable and gets back the
# response body
result = application(environ, start_response)
# Server builds an HTTP response and transmits it to the client
def app(environ, start_response):
"""A barebones WSGI app."""
start_response('200 OK', [('Content-Type', 'text/plain')])
return ['Hello world!']
run_application(app)
def app(environ, start_response):
"""A barebones WSGI application.
This is a starting point for your own Web framework :)
status = '200 OK'
response_headers = [('Content-Type', 'text/plain')]
start_response(status, response_headers)
return ['Hello world from a simple WSGI application!\n']
